**3.4 Fabricated Vivaldi antenna**

The single cavity and double cavity [7] Vivaldi antenna operating from 8 to 18 GHz are fabricated individually on the substrate. The two substrates are joined to form a dual layered Vivaldi antenna [8] for both cavities separately. Normally, a FR4 substrate is used. This substrate is also the most commonly used PCB board which is cheap and easily fabricated.

**139**

at the end of the TSA.

*Design of SMA connector in CST software.*

individually.

**Figure 5.**

**Figure 4.**

*connector.*

*Characterization of Printed Podal Vivaldi Antenna (8–18 GHz) on RT Duroid with Single…*

substrate thickness and dielectric constant. The primary effect of the dielectric substrate is the narrowing of the main beam of the antenna. Low dielectric constant substrates maximize the antenna radiation by reducing the dielectric discontinuity

*(a) Single cavity Vivaldi antenna with SMA connector and (b) double cavity Vivaldi antenna with SMA* 

**Figure 6(a)** and **(b)** shows the fabricated single cavity Vivaldi antenna and double cavity Vivaldi antenna respectively. These two antennas are tested

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88727*

Phase velocity of the propagating surface wave determines radiation performance [9]. Therefore, radiation pattern and performance is dependent upon *Characterization of Printed Podal Vivaldi Antenna (8–18 GHz) on RT Duroid with Single… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88727*

**Figure 4.** *(a) Single cavity Vivaldi antenna with SMA connector and (b) double cavity Vivaldi antenna with SMA connector.*

**Figure 5.** *Design of SMA connector in CST software.*

substrate thickness and dielectric constant. The primary effect of the dielectric substrate is the narrowing of the main beam of the antenna. Low dielectric constant substrates maximize the antenna radiation by reducing the dielectric discontinuity at the end of the TSA.

**Figure 6(a)** and **(b)** shows the fabricated single cavity Vivaldi antenna and double cavity Vivaldi antenna respectively. These two antennas are tested individually.

*Advances in Array Optimization*

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**Figure 3.**

**3.4 Fabricated Vivaldi antenna**

*feeding arrangement of double cavity Vivaldi antenna.*

cheap and easily fabricated.

To lower the VSWR, a connector is attached to the antenna for the required band of frequencies. **Figure 4(a)** and **(b)** shows the simulated single cavity Vivaldi antenna and double cavity Vivaldi antenna with SMA connector in CST software respectively. The designed SMA connector in CST software is shown in **Figure 5**.

*(a) Front view of double cavity Vivaldi antenna; (b) back view of double cavity Vivaldi antenna; and (c)* 

The single cavity and double cavity [7] Vivaldi antenna operating from 8 to 18 GHz are fabricated individually on the substrate. The two substrates are joined to form a dual layered Vivaldi antenna [8] for both cavities separately. Normally, a FR4 substrate is used. This substrate is also the most commonly used PCB board which is

Phase velocity of the propagating surface wave determines radiation performance [9]. Therefore, radiation pattern and performance is dependent upon

#### **Figure 6.**

*(a) Fabricated single cavity Vivaldi antenna and (b) fabricated double cavity Vivaldi antenna.*
