8. Design examples and discussions

The VAS-based synthesis problems that have been reported in [6, 33] are considered at first, and the QAS-based time-modulation approach is applied to realize the patterns. Here, the modulation period Tm is quantized in 10 equal discrete levels, i.e., Q = 10. Hence, the discrete search space for the optimization problem (τp) becomes {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1}.

Example 1: A 30-element UE TMLAA is placed along the x-axis with one element at the origin, and a uniform inter-element spacing of 0.7λ is considered. It is desirable in practice for such an array to feed with {Ap} = 1 and {ϕp} = 0. Here,
