3.3.2 Approximate beampattern performance with array orientation diversity

To demonstrate another advantage of array orientation diversity, we examine the beampattern synthesis of an 18-element array, 11-element array, 10-element array, and 10-element array correspondingly with one orientation, two orientations, three orientations, and four orientations using BCS algorithm and our method, respectively. The optimal beampatterns exhibit maximal sidelobes of 7.72, 8.01, 7.59, and 7.88 dB, respectively, which are shown in Figure 9. Figures 10–13 provide all the corresponding antenna positions and excitation amplitudes for all the four cases mentioned above. Obviously, given the array size, using orientation diversity can economize seven (or eight) elements without reducing the array performance. But more diversity is not always better enough, as shown in Figures 11–13. Besides, the excitation amplitudes in Figures 10–13 show that our proposed method needs less radiation energy for all four cases.

Figure 10. Element positions and excitation amplitudes in an 18-element one-array orientation antenna.

Figure 8.

Advances in Array Optimization

Figure 9.

orientations.

46

Element positions and excitation amplitudes in a 19-element four-array orientation antenna.

Optimal beampattern of different element number array by using "BCS inversion algorithm [17]" vs. "our method." (a) 1 array orientation, (b) 2 array orientations, (c) 3 array orientations, and (d) 4 array

orientation diversity and solving reweightedl1-norm minimization convex optimization problem, the proposed APS algorithm shows the superiority in reducing array elements, suppressing the sidelobe, and reducing the energy consumption to some extent, and the robustness of the proposed design tool in real-life application

Convex Optimization and Array Orientation Diversity-Based Sparse Array Beampattern Synthesis

This work was supported in part by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No. 18ZDYF2551) and in part by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central

School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China

\*Address all correspondence to: huichen0929@uestc.edu.cn

provided the original work is properly cited.

will also be considered in our further work.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88881

Universities (Program No. ZYGX2018J005).

Acknowledgements

Author details

49

Hui Chen\* and Qun Wan

Figure 12. Element positions and excitation amplitudes in a 9-element three-array orientation antenna.

#### Figure 13.

Element positions and excitation amplitudes in a 10-element four-array orientation antenna.

The proposed APS algorithm based on reweighted l1-norm minimization and array orientation diversity is demonstrated to be effective in reducing array elements, suppressing the sidelobe, and reducing the energy consumption to some extent.
