**2.16 Electric field gradients and bipolar electrochemistry effects**

The effects of electric field in alternating (AC) and direct (DC)voltages had been explored in vivo and vitro with [18] electrodes in connection with tissues and implanted cells. The electro simulation through noncontact wireless settings by dipoles by bipolar chemistry is highly possible. FEM studies with same configuration that of experimental studies had proved that the voltage profiles are in qualitative agreement with known bipolar effects. There exist [18] a clear mapping of charge gradients at the material surface leading to growth of neurons. The insulating materials distort the electric space distribution while the dipole at the border of implanted conducting material extends along the material surface and much smoother in intercalation materials.
