*3.2.1 Axisymmetric modeling*

To model a tyre in Abaqus we use a cross section area of the tyre drawing and, imported as IGES file, this modeling technique is well known as axisymmetric modeling. All tyre component and their material properties are defined in this step. The tyre components that construct the tyre includes tread, base, wing, inner liner, side wall, apex, rim cushion, bead, JLB (join less belt), belt, and ply, are shown **Figure 2** and made up from four different types of materials and these are rubber compounds, textile fabrics, steel cords and bead wire.

The tyre model in Abaqus consists of two part partition: Carcass and Cord. Carcass and Cord partition were meshed separately, which are modeled in half axisymmetric model and then mirrored, become a complete assembly. In case the tread need to be included in the simulation, for instance to evaluate footprint, the

**Figure 2.** *Sample of Tyre components [7].*

*Rolling Resistance Estimation for PCR Tyre Design Using the Finite Element Method DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94144*

tread is meshed separately in addition to Carcass and Cord. Tread meshing need to be carefully done so that the nodes on tread and carcass will be matched perfectly. Later on the rim part is included in the assembly. The axisymmetric model of the tyre after meshing is illustrated in **Figure 3**.

The next steps are defining the mounting, creating constraints, defining boundary conditions, and loading (pressure) prior to running axisymetry function in Abaqus to form a full tyre. **Figure 4** illustrate the axisymmetric tyre with pressure and a full round of the axisymmetric tyre model.
