*All Optical Signal Processing Technologies in Optical Fiber Communication DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88354*

photonic networks. Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2002;**40**(9):74-81

[60] Yoo SJB. Wavelength conversion technologies for WDM network applications. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1996;**14**(6):955-966

[61] Durhuus T, Mikkelsen B, Joergensen C, Danielsen L, Stubkjaer KE. Alloptical wavelength conversion by semiconductor optical amplifiers. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1996;**14**(6):942-954

[62] Danielsen S, Joergensen C, Vaa M, Mikkelsen B, Stubkjaer K, Doussiere P, et al. Bit error rate assessment of 40 Gbit/s all-optical polarisation independent wavelength converter. Electronics Letters. 2002;**32**(18):1688

[63] Leuthold J, Joyner C, Mikkelsen B, Raybon G, Pleumeekers J, Miller B, et al. 100 Gbit/s all-optical wavelength conversion with integrated SOA delayed-interference configuration. Electronics Letters. 2002;**36**(13):1129-1130

[64] Nesset D, Kelly T, Marcenac D. Alloptical wavelength conversion using SOA nonlinearities. Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2002;**36**(12):56-61

[65] Norte D, Willner AE. Alloptical data format conversions and reconversions between the wavelength and time domains for dynamically reconfigurable WDM networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2002;**14**(6):1170-1182

[66] Xu L, Perros HG, Rouskas G. Techniques for optical packet switching and optical burst switching. Communications Magazine, IEEE. 2002;**39**(1):136-142

[67] Park E, Norte D, Willner A. Simultaneous all-optical packet-header replacement and wavelength shifting for a dynamically-reconfigurable WDM network. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**7**(7):810-812

[68] Pinto A. Optical networks: A practical perspective. Journal of Optical Networking. 2002;**1**(6):219-220

[69] Vlachos K, Raffaelli C, Aleksic S, Andriolli N, Apostolopoulos D, Avramopoulos H, et al. Photonics in switching: enabling technologies and subsystem design. Journal of Optical Networking. 2009;**8**(5):404-428

[70] Nakamura S, Ueno Y, Tajima K. 168- Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion with a symmetric-Mach-Zehnder-type switch. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**13**(10):1091-1093

[71] Leuthold J, Raybon G, Su Y, Essiambre R, Cabot S, Jaques J, et al. 40 Gbit/s transmission and cascaded all-optical wavelength conversion over 1000000 km. Electronics Letters. 2002;**38**(16):890-892

[72] Pedersen R, Nissov N, Mikkelsen B, Poulsen H, Stubkjaer K, Gustavsson M, et al. Transmission through a cascade of 10 all-optical interferometric wavelength converter spans at 10 Gbit/s. Electronics Letters. 2002;**32**(11):1034-1035

[73] Durhuus T, Joergensen C, Mikkelsen B, Pedersen R, Stubkjaer K. All optical wavelength conversion by SOA's in a Mach-Zehnder configuration. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**6**(1):53-55

[74] Sokoloff J, Prucnal P, Glesk I, Kane M. A terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer (TOAD). Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**5**(7):787-790

[75] Politi C, Matrakidis C, Stavdas A. Optical wavelength and waveband converters. In: 2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Vol. 1. IEEE; 2006. pp. 179-182 [76] Politi C, Matrakidis C, Stavdas A. Optical wavelength and waveband converters. In: 2006 International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks. Vol. 1. Nottingham, UK: IEEE; 2006

[77] Glesk I, Sokoloff J, Prucnal P. Demonstration of all-optical demultiplexing of TDM data at 250 Gbit/s. Electronics Letters. 2002;**30**(4):339-341

[78] Patel N, Rauschenbach K, Hall K. 40-Gb/s demultiplexing using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI). Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**8**(12):1695-1697

[79] Theophilopoulos G, Kalyvas M, Bintjas C, Pleros N, Yiannopoulos K, Stavdas A, et al. Optically addressable 2 x 2 exchange/bypass packet switch. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. 2002;**14**(7):998-1000

[80] Yiannopoulos K, Pleros N, Bintjas C, Kalyvas M, Theophilopoulos G, Avramopoulos H, et al. All-Optical Packet Clock Recovery Circuit. Vol. 2. Copenhagen, Denmark: IEEE; 2006. pp. 1-2

[81] Wang Q, Zhu G, Chen H, Jaques J, Leuthold J, Piccirilli AB, et al. Study of all-optical XOR using Mach-Zehnder interferometer and differential scheme. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 2004;**40**(6):703-710

[82] Tajima K. All-optical switch with switch-off time unrestricted by carrier lifetime. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. 1993;**32**:L1746-L1749

[83] Dutta AK, Dutta NK, Fujiwara M. WDM Technologies: Passive Optical Components. Vol. 1. San Diago, US: Academic Press; 2003

[84] Hess R, Duelk M, Vogt W, Gamper E, Gini E, Besse P, et al. Simultaneous all-optical add and drop multiplexing

of 40 Gbit/s OTDM signals using monolithically integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Electronics Letters. 2002;**34**(6):579-580

[85] Fischer S, Dulk M, Gamper E, Vogt W, Hunziker W, Gini E, et al. All-optical regenerative OTDM add-drop multiplexing at 40 Gb/s using monolithic InP Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2000;**12**(3):335-337

[86] Jepsen K, Clausen A, Mikkelsen B, Poulsen H, Stubkjaer K. Alloptical Network Interface for Bit Synchronisation and Regeneration. Vol. 5. Edinburgh, UK: IET; 2002. pp. 89-92

[87] Yu J, Zheng X, Peucheret C, Clausen AT, Poulsen HN, Jeppesen P. 40-Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2002;**18**(7):1001-1006

[88] Blow K, Doran NJ, Nelson B. Demonstration of the nonlinear fibre loop mirror as an ultrafast all-optical demultiplexer. Electronics Letters. 2008;**26**(14):962-964

[89] Yamamoto T, Yoshida E, Nakazawa M. Ultrafast nonlinear optical loop mirror for demultiplexing 640 Gbit/s TDM signals. Electronics Letters. 2002;**34**(10):1013-1014

[90] Lucek J, Smith K. All-optical signal regenerator. Optics letters. 1993;**18**(15):1226-1228

[91] Yu J, Zheng X, Liu F, Buxens A, Jeppesen P. Simultaneous realization wavelength conversion and signal regeneration using a nonlinear optical loop mirror. Optics Communications. 2000;**175**(1-3):173-177

[92] Nakazawa M, Suzuki K, Yamada E. NOLM oscillator and its injection locking technique for timing clock

*All Optical Signal Processing Technologies in Optical Fiber Communication DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88354*

extraction and demultiplexing. Electronics Letters. 1996;**32**:1122

[93] Olsson BE, Ohlen P, Rau L, Blumenthal DJ. A simple and robust 40-Gb/s wavelength converter using fiber cross-phase modulation and optical filtering. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**12**(7):846-848

[94] Schubert C, Ludwig R, Watanabe S, Futami E, Schmidt C, Berger J, et al. 160 Gbit/s wavelength converter with 3R-regenerating capability. Electronics Letters. 2002;**38**(16):903-904

[95] Rau L, Wang W, Camatel S, Poulsen H, Blumenthal DJ. All-optical 160-Gb/s phase reconstructing wavelength conversion using cross-phase modulation (XPM) in dispersion-shifted fiber. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(11):2520-2522

[96] Galili M, Oxenløwe LK, Zibar D, Clausen A, Jeppesen P. 160 Gb/s Raman assisted SPM Wavelength converter. In: 30th European Conference on Optical Communication. 2004

[97] Osamu ASO, Tadakuma M, Namiki S. Four-wave mixing in optical fibers and its applications. Furukawa Electric Review, Japan. 2000;**105**:46-51

[98] Haris M. Advanced modulation formats for high-bit-rate optical networks [doctor of philosophy]. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; 2008

[99] Yamawaku J, Yamazaki E, Takada A, Morioka T. Field trial of virtual-grouped-wavelength-path switching with QPM-LN waveband converter and PLC matrix switch in JGN II test bed. Electronics Letters. 2005;**41**(2):88-89

[100] Guekos G. Photonic Devices for Telecommunications. Germany, Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1999. pp. 269-368

[101] Diez S, Schmidt C, Ludwig R, Weber HG, Obermann K, Kindt S, et al. Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2002;**3**(5):1131-1145

[102] Geraghty DF, Lee RB, Verdiell M, Ziari M, Mathur A, Vahala KJ. Wavelength conversion for WDM communication systems using fourwave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2002;**3**(5):1146-1155

[103] Hsu A, Chuang S. Wavelength conversion by dual-pump four-wave mixing in an integrated laser modulator. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2003;**15**(8):1120-1122

[104] D'ottavi A, Girardin F, Graziani L, Martelli F, Spano P, Mecozzi A, et al. Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers: A practical tool for wavelength conversion. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 2002;**3**(2):522-528

[105] Girardin F, Eckner J, Guekos G, Dall'Ara R, Mecozzi A, D'Ottavi A, et al. Low-noise and very highefficiency four-wave mixing in 1.5-mm-long semiconductor optical amplifiers. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 1997;**9**(6):746-748

[106] Lee SL, Gong PM, Yang CT. Performance enhancement on SOAbased four-wave-mixing wavelength conversion using an assisted beam. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**14**(12):1713-1715

[107] Lee SL, Gong PM, Lin YM, Lee SSW, Yuang MC. High-efficiency wide-band SOA-based wavelength converters by using dual-pumped four-wave mixing and an assist beam. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(8):1903-1905

[108] Hasegawa T, Inoue K, Oda K. Polarization independent frequency conversion by fiber four-wave mixing with a polarization diversity technique. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**5**(8):947-949

[109] Morgan TJ, Tucker RS, Lacey JPR. All-optical wavelength translation over 80 nm at 2.5 Gb/s using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**11**(8):982-984

[110] Mak MWK, Tsang H, Chan K. Widely tunable polarizationindependent all-optical wavelength converter using a semiconductor optical amplifier. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2000;**12**(5):525-527

[111] Kelly A, Ellis A, Nesset D, Kashyap R, Moodie D. 100 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using FWM in an MQW semiconductor optical amplifier. Electronics Letters. 2002;**34**(20):1955-1956

[112] Kelly A, Marcenac D, Nesset D. 40 Gbit/s wavelength conversion over 24.6 nm using FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier with an optimised MQW active region. Electronics Letters. 2002;**33**(25):2123-2124

[113] Ludwig R, Raybon G. BER measurements of frequency converted signals using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s. Electronics Letters. 2002;**30**(4):338-339

[114] Arahira S, Ogawa Y. 160-Gb/s all-optical encoding experiments by four-wave mixing in a gain-clamped SOA with assist-light injection. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(2):653-655

[115] Li Z, Dong Y, Mo J, Wang Y, Lu C. Cascaded all-optical wavelength conversion for RZ-DPSK signal based on four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(7):1685-1687

[116] Chan K, Chan CK, Chen LK, Tong F. Demonstration of 20-Gb/s alloptical XOR gate by four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier with RZ-DPSK modulated inputs. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(3):897-899

[117] Kamatani O, Kawanishi S. Prescaled timing extraction from 400 Gb/s optical signal using a phase lock loop based on four-wavemixing in a laser diode amplifier. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**8**(8):1094-1096

[118] Kamatani O, Katagiri Y, Kawanishi S. 100-Gbit/s optical TDM add/ drop multiplexer based on photonic downconversion and four-wave mixing. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit, 1998. OFC'98., Technical Digest. San Jose, CA: IEEE; 1998. pp. 112-113

[119] Simos H, Argyris A, Kanakidis D, Roditi E, Ikiades A, Syvridis D. Regenerative properties of wavelength converters based on FWM in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2003;**15**(4):566-568

[120] Lacey J, Madden S, Summerfield M. Four-channel polarizationinsensitive optically transparent wavelength converter. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2002;**9**(10):1355-1357

[121] Contestabile G, Presi M, Ciaramella E. Multiple wavelength conversion for WDM multicasting by FWM in an SOA. Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE. 2004;**16**(7):1775-1777

*All Optical Signal Processing Technologies in Optical Fiber Communication DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88354*

[122] Watanabe S, Takeda S, Ishikawa G, Ooi H, Nielsen J, Sonne C. Simultaneous Wavelength Conversion and Optical Phase Conjugation of 200 Gb/s (5× 40 Gb/s) WDM Signal Using a Highly Nonlinear Fiber Four-wave Mixer. Vol. 5. Edinburgh, UK: IET; 2002. pp. 1-4

[123] Watanabe S, Takeda S, Chikama T. Interband Wavelength Conversion of 320 Gb/s (32× 10 Gb/s) WDM Signal Using a Polarization-insensitive Fiber Four-wave Mixer. Vol. 3. Madrid, Spain: IEEE; 1998. pp. 83-87

[124] Clausen HCHMAT, Palushani E, Galili M, Hu H, Ji H, Xu J, et al. Ultrahigh-speed optical signal processing of serial data signals. In: ICTON'12. Coventry, UK: University of Warwick; 2012

[125] Jianji Dong XZ, Xu J, Huang D, Songnian F, ShumZhang P, X. 40 Gb/s all-optical NRZ to RZ format conversion using single SOA assisted by optical bandpass filter. Optics Express. 2007;**15**(6):2907-2914

[126] Schmidt-Langhorst C, Ludwig R, Galili M, Huettl B, Futami F, Watanabe S, et al. 160 Gbit/s all-optical OOK to DPSK in-line format conversion. In: Presented at the 2006 Eur. Conf. Opt. Commun., Cannes, France, Paper Th 4.3.5. pp. 37-38

[127] Kuo YH, Rong H, Sih V, Xu S, Paniccia M, Cohen O. Demonstration of wavelength conversion at 40 Gb/s data rate in silicon waveguides. Optics Express. 2006;**14**(24):11721-11726

[128] Wang J, Sun J, Zhang X, Huang D, Fejer MM. All-optical format conversions using periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 2009;**45**(2):195-205

[129] Contestabile G, Maruta A, Sekiguchi S, Morito K, Sugawara M, Kitayama K. All-optical wavelength multicasting in a QD-SOA. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 2011;**47**(4):541-547

[130] Zarris GH-S, Hugues-Salas E, Gonzalez NA, Weerasuriya R, Parmigiani F, Hillerkuss D, et al. Field experiments with a grooming switch for OTDM meshed networking. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2010;**28**(4):316-327

[131] Akashi Y, Matsui SE, Isawa S, Matsushita A, Matsumoto A, Matsushima Y, et al. Demonstration of all-optical logic gate device using MQW-SOA and 10 Gbps XNOR operation. Physica Status Solidi (a). 2019;**216**(1):1800529

[132] Sheng Y, Chen X, Krolikowski W. Direct femtosecond laser writing of nonlinear photonic crystals. In: Advances in Optics: Reviews, Book Series. Vol. 2. Canberra, Australia: International Frequency Sensor Association (IFSA); 2018

[133] Alishahi F, Fallahpour A, Zou K, Cao Y, Kordts A, Karpov M, et al. Experimental generation and time multiplexing of data-carrying nyquist sinc shaped channels from a single microresonator-based Kerr frequency comb. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference. San Diego, CA: Optical Society of America; 2019. p. W3I.2

[134] Kaur S, Goyal R. All-optical decoder/demultiplexer with enable using SOA based Mach-Zehnderinterferometers. In: 2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). Noida, India: IEEE; 2019. pp. 780-784

[135] Choudhary A, Liu Y, Vu K, Ma P, Madden S, Marpaung D, et al. Narrowband gain in chalcogenide waveguides for low-power RF
