**3.1 Risk matrix for sliding of the industrial waste**

The assessment of the risk of sliding of the industrial waste is a systematic technique of organizing the available information and knowledge based on a level of scientific certainty, in correlation with the necessary data and hypotheses; the technique objective is to facilitate the conclusions concerning risks, regardless of their nature ([17], pp. 73–77).

The risk assessment was carried out in accordance with "Order no. 184/1997 'regarding' the procedure for the achievement of environmental assessment" and according to which the risk is the probability of a negative effect occurring within a certain period of time ([17], pp. 73–77).

The risks of occurrence of industrial waste sliding phenomena which can have a major impact on the environment and population—for example, from the Brad mining perimeter they are:

> they present for the environmental, water, air and soil components are presented in matrix (**Table 6**). Environmental risk matrices in the mining perimeter of Brad. The activity performed in the Brad area is 60% dependent on the mining industry. The reduction of activity in the mining industry has caused an acute shortage of

> > **Procedure Pollutants Places**

**Crt. No. Field Influence factors Probability Severity Risk** 1. Social-human Population dependence on the objective 3 2 6

2. Aesthetic-cultural Landscape effects 2 2 4

3. Economic regional Industrialization of the area 2 2 4

Employment rate 3 2 6 Health state 3 3 9 Communications 3 2 6

Protected objectives 1 1 1 Cultural settlements 1 1 1

The risk of Social-human factors 27

The risk of aesthetic-cultural factors 6

The risk of economic regional factors 14

**affected by sliding of industrial waste**

the locals from the Morii Valley Quarry area The fauna and aquatic flora of the streams Emissary Crişul Alb stream by disappearing the aquatic flora and fauna

Spillage pH 2 2 4

through the disappearance of the aquatic flora and fauna

Total risk for the environmental factor "water" 84

Fixed residue 3 3 9 Suspensions 2 2 4 Heavy metals 3 3 9 Sulphates 3 3 9

Suspensions 2 1 2 Heavy metals 3 3 9

Suspensions 2 1 2

Heavy metals 3 3 9

pH The wells of

pH Barza stream

Total ionic iron

**Probability Degree Risk**

3 39

3 39

3 39

The effect of the objective closure 3 2 6 Current efficiency 2 2 4

jobs for the inhabitants of the area.

**The source of pollution**

washes Morii Valley Quarry and Cireşata waste dump

Water of the Bucureşci stream

Water of the Barza stream Spillage and seepage under Cireşata dump

Mine water spillage

Water Water that

**Table 5.**

**The environmental factor**

**23**

*The risk assessment matrix.*

*Risk of Slipping Industrial Landfills*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91020*


The risk quantification is based on a simple classification system, a system in which the probability and severity of an event are classified as decreasing (**Table 4**).

The risk is calculated by multiplying the probability factor with the severity factor to obtain a comparative figure. This will allow comparisons between different risks. The higher the result is, the higher the priority that will need to be given in risk control.

The quantification of the relation between different economic, social, cultural and influence factors is presented in the risk matrix (**Table 5**).

The main purpose of assessing the risk of sliding of industrial waste is to help establish risk control. Risk assessment involves identifying the hazards and then assessing the sliding risk of the industrial waste they present, by examining the likelihood and severity of the damage that may arise from these hazards ([17], pp. 73–77).

The information regarding the assessment of the pollutants is given in the form of a checklist or matrix. The values of the sliding risk degree for the industrial waste


**Table 4.** *Risk quantification.* *Risk of Slipping Industrial Landfills DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91020*


#### **Table 5.**

Along with the natural causes, human activity can contribute to the triggering of sliding with disastrous effects, through improper use of the lands and carrying out works and constructions that do not take into account the degree of stability of the

The assessment of the risk of sliding of the industrial waste is a systematic technique of organizing the available information and knowledge based on a level of scientific certainty, in correlation with the necessary data and hypotheses; the technique objective is to facilitate the conclusions concerning risks, regardless of

The risk assessment was carried out in accordance with "Order no. 184/1997 'regarding' the procedure for the achievement of environmental assessment" and according to which the risk is the probability of a negative effect occurring within a

The risks of occurrence of industrial waste sliding phenomena which can have a major impact on the environment and population—for example, from the Brad

The risk quantification is based on a simple classification system, a system in

The risk is calculated by multiplying the probability factor with the severity factor to obtain a comparative figure. This will allow comparisons between different risks. The higher the result is, the higher the priority that will need to be given in

The quantification of the relation between different economic, social, cultural

The main purpose of assessing the risk of sliding of industrial waste is to help establish risk control. Risk assessment involves identifying the hazards and then assessing the sliding risk of the industrial waste they present, by examining the likelihood and severity of the damage that may arise from these hazards ([17],

The information regarding the assessment of the pollutants is given in the form of a checklist or matrix. The values of the sliding risk degree for the industrial waste

**Probability classification Severity classification** 3 = high 3 = high 2 = average 2 = average 1 = low 1 = low

which the probability and severity of an event are classified as decreasing

and influence factors is presented in the risk matrix (**Table 5**).

**3.1 Risk matrix for sliding of the industrial waste**

• Loss of stability of the Cireşata Valley waste dump.

• Loss of stability of the Ribita decanting pond.

• Closure of the mining objectives in the area.

• Destruction of historical objectives.

their nature ([17], pp. 73–77).

*Risk Management and Assessment*

mining perimeter they are:

(**Table 4**).

risk control.

pp. 73–77).

**Table 4.** *Risk quantification.*

**22**

certain period of time ([17], pp. 73–77).

slopes.

*The risk assessment matrix.*

they present for the environmental, water, air and soil components are presented in matrix (**Table 6**). Environmental risk matrices in the mining perimeter of Brad.

The activity performed in the Brad area is 60% dependent on the mining industry. The reduction of activity in the mining industry has caused an acute shortage of jobs for the inhabitants of the area.



#### **Table 6.**

*Environmental risk matrices in the mining perimeter of Brad.*

In conclusion, the quantification of the risk of slipping of the industrial deposits produced on the environment and the social domain was carried out through two risk matrices in which all the environmental components are analyzed.

**Author details**

Emilia-Cornelia Dunca<sup>1</sup>

of Petrosani, Romania

**25**

University of Petrosani, Romania

*Risk of Slipping Industrial Landfills*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91020*

provided the original work is properly cited.

\* and Sabina Irimie<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: emydunca@gmail.com

1 Environmental Engineering and Geology Department, Faculty of Mine,

2 Management and Industrial Engineering Department, Faculty of Mine, University

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

The risk of slipping of industrial tailings deposits occurs in areas where the slope angle exceeds the internal rubbing angle of the rocky rocks and on or through the base terrain if its slope is greater than the internal rubbing angle of the rocks.

Risk assessment involves identifying the hazards and then assessing the risk of slipping the industrial deposits they present, by examining the likelihood and severity of the damage that may arise from these hazards.

*Risk of Slipping Industrial Landfills DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91020*
