**Part 3**

**Advances in Energy and Environmental Engineering Aspects** 

230 Mass Transfer - Advanced Aspects

The authors are grateful to the National Science Council of the Republic of China (Taiwan) for the financial support of the project under contract No. NSC 97-2221-E-008-009-MY3.

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**16. Acknowledgments** 

**17. References** 

**10** 

Stefan Iglauer

 *Australia* 

<sup>−</sup> ions; these

**Dissolution Trapping of** 

<sup>−</sup> and <sup>2</sup> CO3

**Carbon Dioxide in Reservoir Formation** 

*Curtin University, Department of Petroleum Engineering, ARRC Building,* 

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a method to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions thereby mitigating global warming. In CCS, carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured from fossil fuel-fired power plants or other large point-source emitters, purified, compressed and injected deep underground into subsurface formations at depths of or greater than 800m. At such depths CO2 is in a supercritical (sc) state increasing storage

1. Structural/stratigraphic trapping – here an impermeable caprock prevents the CO2

2. Capillary trapping, where micrometer-sized disconnected CO2 bubbles are formed and

3. Dissolution trapping, where CO2 dissolves in the formation brine and sinks in the

4. Mineral trapping, where the dissolved CO2 reacts with the formation brine, forms

The focus of this text is on dissolution trapping; how much CO2 dissolves under which geothermal conditions and what happens to the CO2-enriched brine, which is slightly

Important open questions in this context are: How fast are these mass transfer processes in real geological porous media under realistic CCS conditions? Are there means of accelerating CO2 dissolution? How do separate gas and/or oil phases (oil and/or gas reservoirs) in the reservoir affect CO2 dissolution processes and reservoir fluid dynamics? How does the pressure drop due to CO2 dissolution affect injectivity and storage capacity of

The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2005) has suggested several possible geological storage media, including deep saline aquifers, oil or gas reservoirs and unmineable

species subsequently react with the formation brine and/or host rock to form solid

In CCS, there are four main mechanisms which keep the buoyant CO2 underground:

held in place by local capillary forces in the rock pore-network,

reservoir as the CO2-enriched brine has an increased density,

carbonic acid which dissociates generating protons, HCO3

minerals which trap the CO2 very safely.

denser than the original formation brine, in the formation.

**2. Geological background of dissolution trapping** 

**1. Introduction** 

capacity (IPCC 2005).

CO2?

from flowing upwards,

**Brine – A Carbon Storage Mechanism** 
