**4. Findings**

## **4.1 Field studies**

İsahocalı (Kırşehir) pseudoleucite syenites [18] in Central Anatolian Granitoids are spread along a line extending in the NE–SW direction in the region. They are topographically exposed at the high level of the area. The units have a hard, compact, and massive structure and do not contain alteration. Two dominant colors of intrusions are distinct in the region. At the southwest (SW) end of the study area, they appear as darker color due to the enrichment in the mafic mineral contents, whereas in other locations they have lighter color due to the decrease in mafic mineral content (**Figure 3**). The cooling cracks are also observed in the unit (**Figure 4**).

**57**

**4.2 Laboratory works**

**Figure 4.**

**Figure 3.**

ore preparation and enrichment processes.

*Cooling cracks observed in pseudoleucite syenites.*

*4.2.1 Mineralogical petrographic investigations*

opaque minerals were determined (**Figures 6** and **7**).

defined in foidolite rock group from feldspathoid rocks (**Figure 8**).

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial…*

*Pseudoleucite syenite different color selections observed depending on the mafic mineral contents.*

Within the scope of laboratory studies, İsahocalı (Kırşehir) pseudoleucite syenite samples (**Figure 5**) have been processed in the Materials and methods section. The data obtained are given in mineralogical petrographic investigations and

The leucite mineral is derived from magmas with high potassium and low silica contents. It is a typical magmatic mineral, which solidifies as late stage crystals. On the other hand, pseudoleucite generally coexists with potassium feldspar, nepheline, and small amounts of sodalite, kankrinite, and/or zeolite. At the same time, pseudoleucite is defined as a collection of crystals in both volcanic and plutonic rocks showing a leucite crystal structure [19, 20]. As a result of thin section studies, the rock with holocrystalline hypidiomorphic granular texture in the study area, pseudoleucite (leucite + nepheline + orthoclase), aegirine, aegirinaugite, and

At the same time, opacification-type alterations were observed in mafic minerals. According to its mineralogical contents, rock is named foid syenite, which is

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

#### **Figure 3.**

*Mineralogy - Significance and Applications*

**56**

**4. Findings**

**Figure 2.**

**4.1 Field studies**

*Geological map of the study area [16].*

observed in the unit (**Figure 4**).

İsahocalı (Kırşehir) pseudoleucite syenites [18] in Central Anatolian Granitoids are spread along a line extending in the NE–SW direction in the region. They are topographically exposed at the high level of the area. The units have a hard, compact, and massive structure and do not contain alteration. Two dominant colors of intrusions are distinct in the region. At the southwest (SW) end of the study area, they appear as darker color due to the enrichment in the mafic mineral contents, whereas in other locations they have lighter color due to the decrease in mafic mineral content (**Figure 3**). The cooling cracks are also

*Pseudoleucite syenite different color selections observed depending on the mafic mineral contents.*

**Figure 4.** *Cooling cracks observed in pseudoleucite syenites.*

#### **4.2 Laboratory works**

Within the scope of laboratory studies, İsahocalı (Kırşehir) pseudoleucite syenite samples (**Figure 5**) have been processed in the Materials and methods section. The data obtained are given in mineralogical petrographic investigations and ore preparation and enrichment processes.

#### *4.2.1 Mineralogical petrographic investigations*

The leucite mineral is derived from magmas with high potassium and low silica contents. It is a typical magmatic mineral, which solidifies as late stage crystals. On the other hand, pseudoleucite generally coexists with potassium feldspar, nepheline, and small amounts of sodalite, kankrinite, and/or zeolite. At the same time, pseudoleucite is defined as a collection of crystals in both volcanic and plutonic rocks showing a leucite crystal structure [19, 20]. As a result of thin section studies, the rock with holocrystalline hypidiomorphic granular texture in the study area, pseudoleucite (leucite + nepheline + orthoclase), aegirine, aegirinaugite, and opaque minerals were determined (**Figures 6** and **7**).

At the same time, opacification-type alterations were observed in mafic minerals. According to its mineralogical contents, rock is named foid syenite, which is defined in foidolite rock group from feldspathoid rocks (**Figure 8**).

**Figure 5.** *View of pseudoleucite samples taken from land.*

**Figure 6.** *Leucious prismatic leucite, nepheline, and orthoclase minerals in pseudoleucite.*

**Figure 7.** *Euhedral aegirine mineral in pseudoleucite syenite rock.*

Similarly, according to the results of chemical analysis (**Table 1**), the rock is classified in the total alkali silica (TAS) diagram. According to the TAS diagram, the analyzed sample with 56.52 wt.% SiO2 and 15.71 wt.% Na2O + K2O contents is plotted in the field of foid syenites (**Figure 9**).

**59**

**Table 1.**

**Figure 8.**

**Chemical content (wt.%)**

*Modal QAPF classification of magmatic rocks [21].*

*Results of chemical analysis (wt.%) of studied samples.*

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial…*

**Before enrichment % After enrichment %**

SiO2 56.52 57.54 Al2O3 21.01 21.56 K2O 11.13 12.24 Fe2O3 3.11 0.43 CaO 2.02 1.03 Na2O 4.58 5.61 MgO 0.26 0.04 TiO2 0.21 0.09 MnO 0.004 0.001 LOI 1.12 1.27

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

**Figure 8.** *Modal QAPF classification of magmatic rocks [21].*


#### **Table 1.**

*Results of chemical analysis (wt.%) of studied samples.*

*Mineralogy - Significance and Applications*

*View of pseudoleucite samples taken from land.*

**58**

**Figure 7.**

**Figure 6.**

**Figure 5.**

Similarly, according to the results of chemical analysis (**Table 1**), the rock is classified in the total alkali silica (TAS) diagram. According to the TAS diagram, the analyzed sample with 56.52 wt.% SiO2 and 15.71 wt.% Na2O + K2O contents is

plotted in the field of foid syenites (**Figure 9**).

*Euhedral aegirine mineral in pseudoleucite syenite rock.*

*Leucious prismatic leucite, nepheline, and orthoclase minerals in pseudoleucite.*

**Figure 9.** *TAS diagram of analyzed sample in magmatic rock classification [23].*

Bayhan conducted investigations around the study area and stated that the mineralogical composition of the alkaline igneous rocks in the region was formed by orthoclase, plagioclase, leucite, nozean, nepheline, cancrinite, aegirinaugite, amphibole, and biotite minerals [22]. We concluded that converting of leucite, nepheline, and orthoclase minerals form euhedral pseudoleucite crystals in these intrusions.

#### *4.2.2 Ore preparation and enrichment processes*

#### *4.2.2.1 Sample preparation*

Within the scope of this study, approximately 40 kg of sample was provided to represent the study area. Pseudoleucite syenite samples brought to the laboratory were reduced to less than −1 mm size using jaw and hammer crushers. The appearance of the obtained samples after size reduction operations is given in **Figure 10**.

After crushing operations, sample reduction operations were carried out. Then, magnetic enrichment experiments were performed. The appearance of the product obtained after magnetic enrichment is given in **Figure 11**.

#### *4.2.2.2 Magnetic enrichment*

Magnetic separation experiments were carried out by Aksa Magnet magnetic separator with 9000 Gauss. The enrichment process was carried out under dry conditions. Magnetic separation was carried out once in the magnetic separator with 5000 gr sample. Then, 2470 gr pseudoleucite concentration was obtained. Chemical analysis of these samples was performed by the Oxford Instruments X-Supreme brand XRF device before and after magnetic separation processes. The results of the analysis are given in **Table 1**.

**61**

**5. Results**

**Figure 11.**

**Figure 10.**

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial…*

In this study, the usability of pseudoleucites in alkali syenites from İsahocali region (Kırşehir) in Central Anatolia as a raw material in glass and ceramics sectors has been investigated. Within the scope of the study, approximately 40 kg of sample was provided to represent the studied intrusions. Pseudoleucite syenite samples were reduced to less than −1 mm size using jaw and hammer crushers. After crushing and grinding processes, magnetic enrichment experiments were performed. For this purpose, the samples were subjected to magnetic separation process in the dry magnetic separator. Na2O + K2O (15.71 wt.%) and Fe2O3 (3.11 wt.%) contents were determined in pseudoleucite syenites prior to the magnetic enrichment

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

*The appearance of the obtained samples after size reduction operations.*

*The appearance of the product obtained after magnetic enrichment.*

*Investigation of the Usability of Pseudoleucites in Central Anatolia Alkali Syenites as Industrial… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89588*

**Figure 10.** *The appearance of the obtained samples after size reduction operations.*

**Figure 11.** *The appearance of the product obtained after magnetic enrichment.*
