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## Meet the editors

Dr. Yuanzhi Zhang is a Professor and Research Fellow on Coastal Environment and Applied Remote Sensing at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology in China and at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Dr. Zhang received his Doctor of Science in Technology at Helsinki University of Technology (now Aalto University) in Finland. Dr. Zhang is the author and co-author of 130 peer-reviewed journal articles and 15 books

or book chapters. He received the First-Rank Award of the Guangdong Provincial Prize of Science and Technology, China, in 2013 and the Second-Rank Award, ARCA (Actions for Raising Critical Awareness) Prize at the International Symposium 'Environment 2010: Situation and Perspectives for the European Union", Porto, Portugal, in 2003.

Dr. X. San Liang received his Ph.D. from Harvard University, USA. He has since worked at Harvard, Courant Institute, MIT, Second Institute of Oceanography of China, China Institute for Advanced Study. Presently he is Jiangsu Chair Professor at Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, China. Dr. Liang has wide interest in atmosphere-ocean science, applied mathematics, data science, etc. One of his representative contributions, causality

analysis, addresses a fundamental problem in science. A rigorous and quantitative causality analysis has been established from first principles, and applied to problems in different disciplines. Another major contribution involves a set of novel theories and methodologies for tackling atmospheric/oceanic problems such as coastal ocean processes, cold air outbreaks, typhoon genesis, storm track dynamics, to name a few.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3** 

**Section 4**

Degrade Azo Dyes

*by Fausto López-Rodríguez*

*by Takeshi Hidaka*

**Preface XI**

Coastal Management **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Coastal Water and Water Pollution **19**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 39**

Coastal Sediments **61**

**Chapter 4 63**

Coastal Ecosystems **75**

**Chapter 5 77**

**Chapter 6 91**

Multilevel Management System for Coastal Areas by Network Governance

Coastal Water: Wisdom, Destruction, Conflicts and Contestation –

Natural Polonium-210 in Bivalve Species in Peninsular Malaysia

Coastal Sediment as an Ameliorant in Post-Mining Land Management

Enterococcus Present in Marine Ecosystems and Their Potential to

Mangrove in Ecuador: Conservation and Management Strategies

*by Ganiveth María Manjarrez Paba and Rosa Baldiris Ávila*

A Case of Southwest Coastal Region of Bangladesh

*by Nurhanisah Zakri and Che Abd Rahim Mohamed*

*by Hamidul Huq and Tahmid Huq Easher*

Waters as Recent Pollution Indicator

*by Sulakhudin and Denah Suswati*

### Contents



Preface

This book aims to present information on coastal environments, including coastal land use and land cover, coastal ecology and vegetation, coastal infrastructure and urbanization, coastal water and pollution, coastal geodynamics or geomorphology, and typhoons and the impact from field measurements and earth observation data. The significance of the book is the integration between different aspects of coastal land use, coastal vegetation, coastal water, and coastal infrastructures or urbanization with their impacts on coastal environments, including coastal pollution and hazards, such as water pollution, red tide, oil spill, etc. Most of the work presented in this book is based on accurate in-situ observations, or remotely sensed data and new technologies in the monitoring of the dynamic change of coastal environments, such as coastal land use and land cover, vegetation, infrastructure and urbanization, water pollution, coastal geodynamics or geomorphology, and typhoons and their impact. This book is expected to serve as a relatively comprehensive reference for coastal researchers,

graduate students, as well as policy makers and coastal resource managers.

observations or satellite data from the projects are highly appreciated.

We thank all the authors who contributed to this book. All reviewers of the book chapters are sincerely thanked for their excellent work providing very helpful comments and timely feedback. Great guidance and support were received from the Publishing Process Manager, Ms. Romina Rovan and the editorial board of IntechOpen. Part of the data used in some papers was obtained from the projects entitled "The Marine Special Program of Jiangsu Province in China (JSZRHYKJ202007)" and the "National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1901215)". The in-situ

**Dr. Yuanzhi Zhang and Dr. X. San Liang**

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,

Department of Marine Technologies,

School of Marine Science,

Nanjing, China
