**1. Introduction**

An image would be called as an analog image if its pictorial representation can be represented in analog wave formats, whereas an image would be called as a digital image if its pictorial representation can be represented or stored in the data in digital form. Similarly, field of image processing can be categorized into digital image processing and analog image processing. Digital image processing (or digital imaging), in the area of computer science today, is defined as processing digital images through some algorithms using digital computers, whereas, analog image processing is any image processing task that can be conducted on two-dimensional analog signals by analog means [1, 2].

After the invention of digital computers, digital image processing took various advantages over analog image processing. A broad range of techniques and methods, in the form of a variety of algorithms, came into existence. One can find a rich literature toady which can be applied to the input image data to solve various problems. These problems may include converting images into digital data, calibration, removing the build-up of noise and distortion during processing, etc. Since images are defined over two dimensions (and perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems. Digital image processing has evolved rapidly with the development of computers, mathematics, and the real-life demand for a variety of applications in wide range of areas [3–30].

In the current age and time, digital imaging is used widely in various real-life applications. There is a number of potential digital imaging applications that include different areas such as environment, industry, medical science, agriculture, military, film, television, photography, robotics, remote sensing, medical diagnosis, reconnaissance, architectural and engineering design, art, crime prevention, geographical information systems, communication, intellectual property, retail catalogs, nudity-detection, face finding, industrial applications, and others. The increasing trends, needs, and applications of imaging make it more difficult to process images for desired objectives. This leads to the idea of capturing, storing, finding, retrieving, analyzing, and using images in everyday life under the computing environment. Being a computer-based technology, digital imaging carries out automatic processing, manipulation, and interpretation of visual information. It plays a significant and important role in various aspects of real life. It is also highly useful in many areas, disciplines and fields of art, and science and technology. This chapter is specifically dedicated to digital imaging history, methodologies, tasks, software, and applications [31–57].
