*3.1.2.4 Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)*

Currently, UPLC-MS is one of the most adaptable hyphenated techniques. Proteomics and metabolomics have proved to be useful concepts for understanding the causes of different diseases. This technology aims to seperate and identify proteins and metabolites for cellular signaling pathways and to discover biomarkers for screening and diagnosis as well as determining response to a specific treatment [37]. For example, vancomycin (VCM) is clinically used for the treatment of human intracranial infections. The treatment concentration of vanomycin greatly varies among the patients. UPLC-MS technique was developed and used for the analysis of VCM in human cerebrospinal fluid [38].
