**13. Conclusions**

*Cheminformatics and Its Applications*

diagonal lines of a 0.5 square, termed the "Diagonal Genome Universe," using the normalized values that obey Chargaff's first parity rule [12]. These relationships lead to (G or C) + (A or T) = 0.5. The present results indicate that a linear regression line equation, (X – Y)/(X + Y) = a (X – Y) + b, universally represents all normalized values, including the values deviating from Chargaff's parity rules. This newly discovered equation clearly reflects not only Chargaff's first parity rules, based on

*Universal rules. The following genome samples were examined: mitochondria of vertebrates (65), invertebrates (54), and non-animals (42), chloroplasts (28), prokaryote chromosomes (21), and eukaryote chromosomes (15). Left side: relationship between (X – Y) and (X – Y)/(X + Y) and right side: relationship between (X/Y) and* 

hydrogen bonding between two nucleotides, but also natural rule.

**24**

**Figure 12.**

*(X – Y)/(X + Y).*

The ratios of amino acids to the total amino acids or of nucleotides to total nucleotides predicted from complete genomes consisting of huge number of nucleotides can characterize a whole organism. In addition, as these values are independent of species and genome size, these indexes are very useful for genome research, as well as single gene research. The validity of these indexes is clearly based on the homogeneity of genomic structures. In addition, patternalization of values after simple calculations based on large data sets can provide an intuitive picture and provide useful insights, revealing the homogeneity of genomic structures followed by synchronous alterations over the genome. In addition, any change between two values, X and Y, including biological evolution can be expressed definitively by a linear regression line equation, (X – Y)/ (X + Y) = a (X – Y) + b, where X and Y are nucleotide contents, and (a) and (b) are constants, and by a logarithmic function, (X – Y)/(X + Y) = a′ ln (X/Y) + b′, where (a′) and (b′) are constants. As the present review is based on the endeavors and data of numerous scientists from all over the world, the author would like to express finally his following feeling as one of scientists. (Human being is an organism of huge numbers of organisms on the Earth, and we are not ranked as a special species above all organisms as a result of long evolution.) However, we have made the present modern civilization based on fossil energy usage which seems to induce climate changes. Thus, we must be responsible to establish sustainable development not only for Human being but also for other organisms. The Earth is for all organisms, not only for Human being.
