**Conflict of interest**

*Cheminformatics and Its Applications*

*2.4.2.1 Access policy and procedure*

Nationale [30]. Another, more recent opportunity for chemists to screen their compounds is the CO-ADD (Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery) [31, 32] initiative, where chemists can test their compounds for antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens. These initiatives demonstrate that the prospect of receiving bioactivity data is a strong incentive for chemists to donate, and disclose

**Third**, database users who use EU-OPENSCREEN's European Chemical Biology Database (ECBD) to access the bioactivity datasets generated during the screening projects. Importantly, the data will also be accessible through other established open data repositories including the ChEMBL database. Assay providers who screen the EU-OPENSCREEN compound library benefit from the ECBD for their own projects by having access to the public bioactivity data from previous projects, and at the

the structure and associated bioactivity data of, their compounds.

same time, they also contribute to worldwide efforts on open science.

The democratization of access to state-of-the-art technology platforms, resources and expertise is the key objective of all European research infrastructure. Importantly, as a European open access research infrastructure, a common access policy and procedure is applied across its network of partner sites. EU-OPENSCREEN is accessible to researchers from academia and industry worldwide. The access to EU-OPENSCREEN by external researchers is in line with the 'European Charter for Access to Research Infrastructures—Principles and Guidelines

for Access and Related Services' [33] published by the European Commission in 2016. The charter's guidelines describe three access modes, by which access to research infrastructures may be provided—these are excellence-driven, marketdriven and wide access. Excellence-driven access is provided to the majority of scientists who developed an assay and collaborate with EU-OPENSCREEN to implement a screening and/or hit optimization project as well as to chemists who provide their compounds to be incorporated in the EU-OPENSCREEN compound collection. Scientists who use the ECBD will be provided wide access to the bioactivity data.

In this book chapter, we described various academic collaboration models which aim to accelerate chemical too discovery. These initiatives differ in many aspects, for example in structure (e.g. individual academic research groups, public-private partnerships, research infrastructures; single-site vs. distributed/multinational), operational model (e.g. closed consortia, open-access research infrastructures), user communities, funding model (e.g. institutional funding, third-party funding over a defined funding period, long-term funding by member countries), access and data publication policies. Each of these initiatives complement each other and

supports academic chemical biology and drug discovery.

The authors would like to thank Ronald Frank (senior advisor of

EU-OPENSCREEN, Berlin) and Anna-Lena Gustavsson (Head of the CBCS node at Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm) for ideas and information related to the content

**122**

**3. Conclusions**

**Acknowledgements**

of the manuscript.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
