**4.29 Pharming**

Pharming is a widespread online fraud that will automatically point to a nasty and illicit website by relaying the authentic URL. Even when the URL is correctly entered, the redirection happens to some forged website looking similar to the actual one. This fake site prompts one to enter personal information that gets to someone with a wicked intent.

#### **4.30 Spam**

Spams are unsolicited bulk e-mail messages that annoy the user with unwanted and junk mails. It gives burden for communications service providers, organizations and individuals alike. These emails can be commercial ones like an advertisement or noncommercial one like chain letters or anecdotes. Spam is considered an active vehicle for virus propagation, scams, fraud and is a threat to computer privacy. Spam also phishes for interesting information with offers and promotions that trick victims into following links or entering details.
