**5. Leveraging blockchain toward SDGs**

Currently there are few examples of academic research on the use of blockchain for SDGs. For instance, the authors of [16] review recent academic and commercial "blockchain for good" applications in supply chain, innovations in governance, sharing economy, and financial inclusion. This section provides some relevant use cases of blockchain-based applications toward each of the SDGs. Such use cases are summarized in **Figure 1**.

framework of the solutions, especially as DLT developments are still in their

*Leveraging Blockchain for Sustainability and Open Innovation: A Cyber-Resilient Approach…*

(PoC) in Sindh (Pakistan) named Building Blocks to evaluate blockchain for authentication and registration of transactions without financial intermediaries. Refugees have restrictions to open bank accounts and limited choices regarding the access and spending of their cash assistance. Building Blocks was also deployed with the aid of a biometric authentication system (i.e., iris scanning identification at checkout) in two refugee camps in Jordan to improve security and to ease cash

In 2017, the World Food Programme (WFP) [30] developed a proof of concept

Sustainable food production systems along their life cycle can be guaranteed with the traceability properties of blockchain (e.g., avoid malpractice and guarantee

In Yue et al. [31], the authors propose a decentralized solution that enables

In addition, blockchain can be used for managing data more efficiently during public health diseases. For instance, with the current rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, a blockchain-based monitoring and traceability

healthcare intelligence that allows patients to control their data without

system can help to automatically identify unsafe areas by using geographic information and provide real-time information about patients (e.g., temperature, symptoms, and social distancing) for further analysis. As a result, it may keep communities from further infections and ensure (or even certify) that some locations (e.g., workplaces) are safe areas. For the implementation of such an application, cybersecurity and privacy (i.e., pseudo-anonymization) will be key issues for a successful deployment. Disease control may also depend on the ability of organizations (e.g., centers of disease control, state and local agencies, journalists, governments, hospitals, scientists) to collaborate in an effective and efficient manner. It must also be noted that richer countries are better prepared than poorer

countries to identify a virus outbreak, to face infection with public health

The authors of [32] have thoroughly reviewed the utilization of emerging technologies like blockchain, IoT, and fog and edge computing for improving education. Examples of applications include record verification [33], the management of digital copyright information [34], or the design and evaluation of novel learning

For instance, Sony Global Education [38] is an educational platform that uses

Another commercial example is Learning Machine [39], a company that has created an open peer-to-peer infrastructure to issue digital records that can be easily shared and verified. The system is not only devoted to educational institutions: governments and companies can also issue blockchain-based records at scale, rooted in any

Hyperledger Fabric to guarantee the authenticity of the student transcripts.

contingency plans, and to minimize the socioeconomical impact.

early stages.

transfers and the purchase of goods.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92371*

**5.3 SDG 3: good health and well-being**

compromising privacy or security.

**5.4 SDG 4: quality education**

approaches [35–37].

blockchain they select.

**105**

**5.2 SDG 2: zero hunger**

food security).
