**Conflicts of interest**

There are no conflicts of interest to declare.

friendly sources of movement are urgently required to replace H2O2. Magnetic trigger can be used as an alternative to the motion. Conical microtubes powered by an external rotating magnetic field were placed onto liver tissue and drilled into it for long periods, as shown in **Figure 25B** [69]. After releasing the microtube from the biomaterial, a micrometer-sized hole was observed by SEM, as shown in

*(A) A catalytic nanojet drilling into an immobilized cancer cell. (B) SEM image of a magnetic microtube drilling into pig liver tissue. (C) Hole after removing the microtube. (D) Nanorods inside living HeLa cells: (a) multiple nanorods inside a HeLa cell, (b) subcellular structures (a few indicated by arrows) interacting with active acoustic motors inside a HeLa cell, and (c) two vesicular structures in a HeLa cell containing many active but crowded acoustic motors, respectively, can be seen. (E) Preparation and propulsion of perfluorocarbonloaded microbullets (a), Computer-created diagram (b), and images of a microbullet penetrating a tissue after an ultrasound pulse (c and d), respectively. Copyright 2012, ACS Publications. Copyright 2013, RSC Publications. Copyright 2014, Wiley Online Library. Copyright 2012, Wiley Online Library.*

*Categories of biomedical applications of micro/nanomotors, including sensing and isolation, drug delivery,*

*nanosurgery, biomedical imaging. Copyright 2014, RSC Publications.*

*Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis*

**Figure 24.**

**Figure 25.**

**192**

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