**4. Magnetic scaffolds and regenerative medicine**

### **4.1 Magnetic drug delivery**

Magnetic scaffolds were conceived as a multifunctional platform for tissue engineering applications (see **Figure 1**) [1–5]. As presented in the Introduction, they are a platform for magnetically targeted drug delivery of growth factors to control and enhance tissue healing, such as in the case of bone tissue [1, 11]. The bio-nanotechnology research developed magnetic carriers of biomolecules such as VEGF or TGF-*β* [11, 27]; however, the problem of maximizing and controlling their delivery to the site of injury is still addressed in the literature [1–4, 13]. This section will cover the use of MagS, implanted in a damaged bone, as an in situ magnet, i.e., as attraction site for external MNPs carrying GFs. The influence on the cellular response is assessed employing a multiphysics model [13]. The prediction of the magnetic force required to attract the MNPs, the velocity in the extracellular matrix (ECM) medium, and the final spatial distribution is fundamental to foresee a treatment planning procedure, while evaluating the influence parameters in the drug delivery and the cellular migration process.
