**4.2 Various methods**

*Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis*

**4. Nanoparticle synthesis methods and conditions**

*Complete process of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles at room temperature [18].*

on the synthesis of nanoparticles.

**4.1 General synthesis process**

To nanotechnologists, nanoparticle formulation is being the most important aspect, where they use biological methods specifically plant extract to reduce metal ions and this will be used in further detail. The synthesis of nanoparticles is carried out using various methods such as microwave oven, autoclave, sonication, heating, boiling, etc., as well as under different conditions such as dark, daylight, light color different wavelength, etc. Likewise, the synthesis of nanoparticles by different methods implies the effect of specific system parameters such as light, heat, temperature, pressure, etc. on the kinetics of electrons present during nanoparticle synthesis in silver salts and capping agents. In comparison, the synthesis of nanoparticles in particular conditions indicates the effect of the conditions available

In brief, the reactant, that is, plant extract and the AgNO3 (1 mM) are mixed in a specific ratio such as 95:5 ml, respectively, and the reaction is conducted under specific instrument or machine, such as early mention of microwave oven, autoclave, sonication, heating, boiling, etc. During a study of these methods or conditions, the size or shape and type or form of nanoparticles formulated depend upon the kinetics of reaction that relays on the adopted methodology. In this section, we addressed different conditions under which nanoparticles could be generated. For example, the effect on the synthesis of nanoparticles of a specific sound wave may differ from that of light intensity or color. The sunlight has a specific effect on nanoparticle synthesis, which synthesizes nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes.

**100**

**Figure 3.**
