*the adopted methodology.*

#### **Table 2.**

*Possible conditions under which the manufacture of silver nanoparticles is feasible [18].*

*Phytonanofabrication: Methodology and Factors Affecting Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90918*

**Figure 5.**

*Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis*

In this process, the protocol is the same, and it is the reaction process carried under different conditions using selective instruments. The sound waves consist of longitudinal waves and transverse waves in solids that can be easily produced using a sound source such as the vibrating diaphragm of a stereo speaker. Therefore, the noise or acoustic environment is used to study different aspects of nanoparticles. Sound waves are used to isolate biological nanoparticles from bio-liquid samples. However, sound effects on the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles have not been studied. So, we are trying to provide some insight on the impact of sound on bio-nanoparticle synthesis. We are very eager to know the effect of sound including (jazz/rock/gaze/ pop song) and the level of sound frequency on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Once the nanoparticles are synthesized, they are used for characterization by means of the available instruments, which will define nanoparticles size, shape, surface load, aggregates, colloidal, capping agent detection, reducing agent confirmation and conjugation (its ability to combine) with another polymer [18]. **Table 2** indicates the possible conditions under which the manufacture of silver nanoparticles is feasible.

The novel concept could be traced out where different strategies can be applied to nanoparticle synthesis. It is reported in [14] paper that a specific type of wound stress has been applied to the plant leaf sample of the medicinal plant *Passiflora foetida* (leaf cut 2 cm in diameter and used to collect diffusate) and that secondary metabolite-induced stress has been extracted (see **Figure 5**). In this context, a stressed-induced plant extract is used, which contains stress-induced secondary metabolites and phytochemicals that reduce silver ion and act as a capping agent responsible for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The use of such stress-induced pool extracts may be considered for the formulation of silver nanoparticles [14].

**Sr. no Method/conditions Point to note Other remarks**

Short burst of 20 s for 5 min to reaction

on reaction mixture for particular time

7. Influence of sound (Jazz/rock/gazel/pop song) Volume level high/low may

*Note: The type or form of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) formulated depends upon the kinetics of reaction that relays on* 

rises, the flap is opened and the mixture flask is kept in it for 5 min May cover with an aluminum foil

Yields best results, Produced SNP quickly

shape

SNP

Effects on SNP size and

If the pressure rises above the crucial level, opening it at that point may be critical

Varying Hz results in varied size and shape of

Watts could be changed for making various sizes/ shapes of SNP

produce unique SNP

1. Dark condition Light oxidized silver and leads to photo leaching

2. Sunlight Activate some enzyme present in leaf extract

4. Autoclave Preheating for 5 min once the pressure

5. Sonication 120 Hz of wave is adjusted and applied

6. Light color Green, blur, red, yellow and orange of 15 W

*Possible conditions under which the manufacture of silver nanoparticles is feasible [18].*

mixture

*4.3.4 Influence of sound*

*4.3.5 Novel concepts*

3. Domesticated

microwave oven

**104**

**Table 2.**

*the adopted methodology.*

*Leaf disc preparation using test tube for applying wound stress to* P. foetida *and synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf disc under sunlight [14].*
