Meet the editors

Dr. Tetsu Mieno studied plasma physics for 5 years under the supervision of Prof. Noriyoshi Sato in Tohoku University, Japan (Dept. Electronic Engineering), and he was awarded Doctor of Engineering by Tohoku University in 1984. He became an Associate Professor of Shizuoka University (Dept. Physics) in 1992. He studied plasma science (helicon discharge, fine-particle-plasmas, plasma etching, arc discharge, etc.), and nano ma-

terials (production of fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotubes and other carbon nano-materials by the arc discharge method, etc.). In 1999, he became a Professor of Shizuoka University. He is currently studying plasma science and technology, production of functional nano-materials, and utilization of plasma technology for the future.

Dr. Yasuaki Hayashi received his B. Eng. and M. Eng. degrees in nuclear engineering and his D. Eng. degree from Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. He first joined the Institute for Super Materials, ULVAC Japan Ltd., and worked on vacuum engineering and plasma processing. Then, he joined the Department of Electronics and Information Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, where he was an Associate Professor. He became a Professor of the

Department of Electronics and is now an Emeritus Professor. He is also a Professor of the Department of Science and Engineering, Yamato University. His research interests include plasma science, fine particle plasmas, nano-carbon technology, and ellipsometry.

Dr. Kun Xue obtained her PhD degree from Tsinghua University in 2009 and joined Beijing Institute of Technology the same year as Associate Professor. Her current research focuses on multiphase flows laden with particles, especially the interface instability of particulate systems and particle laden shock/blast waves, combing laboratory experiments, theoretical approaches and numerical simulations. She also works on hazard assessment and

shock protection related with the particulate fire and explosion.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*by Hiroo Totsuji*

*by Kazuo Takahashi*

of Dusty Plasmas *by Akio Sanpei*

*and Kazuo Terashima*

*by Yasuaki Hayashi*

**Preface XI**

Coulomb Crystals **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Fine Particle Plasmas in Special Conditions **25**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 59**

**Chapter 5 79**

**Chapter 6 95**

Observation and Analyses of Coulomb Crystals in Fine Particle Plasmas

Microgravity Experiments Using Parabolic Flights for Dusty Plasmas

Integral Photography Technique for Three-Dimensional Imaging

*by Yasuhito Matsubayashi, Noritaka Sakakibara, Tsuyohito Ito* 

Basic Properties of Fine Particle (Dusty) Plasmas

Dynamic Behavior of Dust Particles in Plasmas

Dusty Plasmas in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

*by Yoshifumi Saitou and Osamu Ishihara*

## Contents



Preface

Research on fine particle plasmas, which are also called "dusty plasmas", began with the theoretical study of the origin and existence of cosmic dust and their observations. Since the early 1980s, planet images sent from exploring space crafts have interested astronomers and space scientists studying cosmic dust and dusty plasmas in planetary rings. In the late 1980s, many researchers in the field of electronic devices began to study dusty plasmas, the fine particles generated during plasma processing or introduced from outside reactors, thus contaminating the reactors, and reducing the production yield of microdevices. In 1994, epoch-making experimental discoveries of Coulomb crystals in dusty plasmas were made in several laboratories around the world. Research on dusty plasmas in fields of basic science as well as their applications has increased significantly since that time. The study of Coulomb crystals is also related to basic physical research, such as on strongly coupled plasmas, phase transitions, and

A plasma that contains a large number of fine particles exhibits unique properties because it includes not only electrons and ions but also large negatively charged particles, which markedly change the plasma properties simply composed of electrons and ions. The mixed system of three kinds of charged particles can be approximately treated as that of negatively charged particles that are embedded in a uniform positive background, which can form a Coulomb crystal. On the other hand, a plasma containing a small number of fine particles can be analyzed as a general plasma containing negatively charged particles. The behaviors of dust in reactors in nuclear-fusion experiments have been analyzed assuming that dust exist

in a high-temperature and high-density plasma under constant conditions.

between microscale and macroscale physics.

The main feature of the experimental analyses of a fine particle plasma is that individual particles in the plasma can be directly observed and recorded using video cameras. Therefore, the analysis of the dynamic motion or behavior of individual charged particles in an electromagnetic field is possible, which is carried out in comparison with theoretical analysis. From the relationship between the obtained results of the analysis of individual particles and the macroscopic properties of the fine particle plasma, it is expected to be possible to investigate the relationship

Many international conferences on fine particle plasmas or dusty plasmas have been held over the last few decades. In Japan, the international meeting of the Workshop on Fine Particle Plasmas was started 20 years ago and has taken place every year at NIFS (National Institute for Fusion Science). In 2019, the 20th Workshop on Fine Particle Plasmas was held. The publication of this book was planned to commemorate

In this book, the recent progress of experimental and theoretical studies on fine particle plasmas is described. In Chapter 1, the generation of fine particle plasmas and Coulomb crystals is reviewed. The observation of these fine particles is described. In Chapter 2, the theoretical analysis of fine particle plasmas under gravity and microgravity is described. In Chapter 3, the observation of fine particle plasmas under

critical phenomena.

the 20th workshop.
