*4.1.1 Low-alloy steel*

Low-alloy steels are a group of ferrous materials that show improved mechanical properties compared to plain carbon steels, because of the alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum and chromium. Through the development of specific alloys, low-alloy steel provides desired mechanical properties. Microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite. Its properties are relatively soft and weak, although they have high ductility and toughness. Its various applications are auto-body components, structural shapes, sheets, etc. [2, 3, 5, 6, 10–12].

Some of the compositions of low-alloy steels are the following:

