Meet the editors

Prof (Dr) Ashis Kumar Samanta is presently a Professor and Former HOD of the Department of Jute and Fibre Technology, Institute of Jute Technology (IJT), University of Calcutta. He is also the Chairman of the BIS TXD-07 Committee for Speciality Chemicals and Dyestuff as well as the Chairman and Board of Studies/Experts for the Bachelor of Fashion and Apparel Design (BFAD) Course, University of Calcutta. He was the Professor

In-Charge (Academic) at the Institute of Jute Technology (IJT) for 2 years (Aug 2009 to July 2011). He was a member of the Governing Council of IJT for 3 terms, a member of the Research Advisory Committee (RAC) of ICAR-NIRJAFT, Kolkata (2010-2012), a member of the Board of Studies for the B.Des. Course, Viswabharati (2011-13), a member of the PhD Committee in Textile Technology, CU (2009- 2017) and Former Chairman/Convener and Co-Chairman, Textile Engg. Divn. WBSC of IE(I) (1998-2018). He is a member of AASCIT and AATCC, USA. He also served as Former Asst. Director in MANTRA, Surat, 1997-98. He is listed in the global directory of the ISO-TC-38 Committee as expert member from BIS and has attended all plenary meetings of ISO TC 38 since 2015 to present 5 NWIP on the testing of natural dyes. He is the recipient of the "Bharat Nirman Award-2014" for special contributions in the Jute and Textile Technology Education, Research and Training. He received the Eminent Engineer Award in Sept-2019, the "Triguna Charan Sen Award" twice in 1995-96 and & in 2013-14, the "Subject Paper Award" in 2006; and the "Special Merit Award" in 2007 all from the Institution of Engineers (India). He is the reviewer of many international journals such as TRJ, JNF, JIT, JTI, IJFTR and JFP, Coloration Tech, Jclp, J Bio-Res & Tech and Ind. JNF. He is an editorial board member of five reputed national and international textile journals. His main research areas are chemical processing and finishing of textiles including natural dyeing, nano-technology and PCM smart materials, where he has contributed more than 300 publications including 130 research papers (70 international and 60 national) besides 50 technical articles and 101 conference papers, 8 international book chapters and 11 training manuals and 3 books. Presently, he has edited this book on "Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments". So far, he has guided twelve PhD students in chemical processing of Ttxtiles and is presently guiding another 3 research scholars. He was PI/Project leader of 16 R & D & 2 HRD projects in his career.

Dr. Nasser S. Awwad has a PhD in inorganic and radiochemistry (2000) from Ain Shams University and a post-doctorate degree at Sandia National Labs, New Mexico, USA, 2004. Nasser Awwad was an Associate Professor of radiochemistry in 2006 and Professor of inorganic and radiochemistry in 2011 at the Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority. He has been a Professor at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA from 2011 to now. He has published two

chapters in the following books "Natural Gas - Extraction to End Use" and "Advances in Petrochemicals". He has been the editor for six books about: uranium, new trends in nuclear sciences, dyes in industry and lanthanides, and nuclear power plants. In addition, he has published 84 papers in ISI journals. He supervised 4 PhD and 16 MSc students in the field of radioactive and wastewater treatment. He

participated in 25 international conferences in South Korea, USA, Lebanon, KSA, Egypt and India. He participated in 6 large projects with KACST at KSA and Sandia National Labs at USA on the conditioning of radioactive sealed sources and wastewater treatment. He has been the leader of many research groups about the utilization of nanomaterials for treatment of inorganic and organic pollutants and has also been a member of some research groups. He is a member of the Arab Society of Forensic Sciences and Forensic Medicine and is a member of the Egyptian Society for Nuclear Sciences and its applications. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Energy and Environmental Research and Technology. He was a member of the organizing committee of the 9th World Congress and Expo on Nanotechnology & Material Science. He was the chairman of a session on Reuse and Recycling of Materials and their products held at India, Kerala, Kottayam 2009. He is a rapporteur of the Permanent Committee for Nuclear and Radiological Protection at King Khalid University and a member of the Committee for the Development of International Cooperation Management at KKU.

Dr. Hamed Majdooa Algarni is the Dean of Scientific Research at King Khalid University (KKU). He received his MSc in physics in 2007 from KKU, Saudi Arabia, and earned his PhD in 2014 from the University of York, the United Kingdom. Dr. Algarni received the Kathleen Mary Stott Prize for excellence in scientific research for the best PhD in 2013 from the University of York, UK. He received an academic distinction award (three times) from the Royal Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

for Their Application on Textiles

*by Ashis Kumar Samanta*

on Textile Substrates *by Virendra Kumar Gupta*

and Its Revival Strategy *by Pubalina Samanta*

of Natural Dyed Textiles *by Anowar Hossain*

*by Deepali Singhee*

**Section 3**

**Preface XI**

Introduction **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Review on Natural Dyes and Pigments and Its Application **41**

**Chapter 2 43**

**Chapter 3 75**

**Chapter 4 99**

**Chapter 5 123**

Pantone-Like Shade Book with Natural Dyes and Pigments **149**

**Chapter 6 151**

Bio-Dyes, Bio-Mordants and Bio-Finishes: Scientific Analysis

Fundamentals of Natural Dyes and Its Application

Review on Natural Dyes for Textiles from Wastes

Application of Natural Dyes for Herbal Textiles

*by Anupama Mishra and Sapna Gautam*

A Review on Application of Natural Dyes on Textile Fabrics

A Practical Guideline of Few Standardized Ready Made Shades

Embassy of Saudi Arabia, Cultural Bureau, London. He specializes in condensed matter physics, nano-science and nanotechnology, which includes growth, properties, and applications of nanostructured and biomaterials and optoelectronic devices. He has authored and co-authored 90 research articles in highly reputed journals.

## Contents



Preface

Dyeing is an ancient art for textiles and clothing. In ancient times, when no synthetic dyes were available, primitive dyeing using natural dyes was used for dyeing textiles and clothing. With the discovery of the synthetic dye 'Mauve' by W. H. Perkin in 1856 and thereafter on its subsequent commercialization, production and application, synthetic dyes conquered the market for their obvious ready use and lower cost and hence the use of natural colorants declined sharply. However, in recent times, the detrimental effects of some azo-based synthetic dyes (releasing carcinogenic and toxic amines and their hazardous effect on the environment and harmful effect on human skin) have caused a ban of a few such synthetic dyes. Hence, the following three approaches for textile dyeing have started increasing: (i) dyeing and finishing textiles with natural dyes and finishes, (ii) using eco-safe synthetic dyes and chemicals, and (iii) effective effluent

There is limited information available in the form of a consolidated book on natural dyes, pigments, and finishes and production of herbal textiles as well as eco-friendly dyeing chemicals and eco-safe synthetic dyeing and removal of toxic materials and colours from such dyeing effluent etc. Moreover, for more and more commercial exploitation of natural dyes and finishes exploring their functional properties, standardization of natural dyeing techniques need to be adopted for its revival as an alternative to eco-safe synthetic dyeing. Hence, this book was planned and finally published entitled "Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments" under IntechOpen access publishing

This book includes the following chapters: an introductory editorial chapter on bio-mordants, bio-dyes and bio-finishes; review of natural dyes and pigments and its application, pantone-like shade generation with natural colorants, colour-based natural dyes and pigments, printing with natural dyes and pigments, functional property and functional finishes with natural dyes and pigments, eco-safe synthetic

dyes and chemicals, and miscellaneous review on dyed textiles and clothing

not have seen the light of the day and could not be completed in time.

The academic editor acknowledges the constant support of all the administrative and policy making executives, Author Service Managers and the editorial and production team of IntechOpen publisher without whom this book project could

Both the IntechOpen publisher and the Academic Editor jointly acknowledge all the contributors as authors, whose chapters have been finally accepted after peer

treatment for synthetic dyeing as useful viable option.

including natural dye-based herbal textiles.

review /revision/ modification as required.

media.
