Preface

Organic synthesis remains one of the frontier challenges in organic chemistry and drives quite an active area of research. It usually refers to a process not involving the aid of biological processes.

The development of new synthetic methods for the preparation of organic molecules continues to be an active and exciting area of research in organic chemistry. The discovery and application of new and interesting methods in organic synthesis is vital to the goals of designing shorter, more elegant, and ultimately more reliable syntheses of novel heterocycles and natural products. Organic synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of a complex molecule, very often organic molecules, from simple, commercially available precursors. As a scientific discipline, these kinds of synthesis have their formative roots in organic chemistry. The synthesis of heterocycles continues to be one of the most fascinating and well-studied areas of organic chemistry. The book 'Organic Synthesis - A Nascent Relook' is a compendium of recent progress in all these aspects of synthetic chemistry. Herein special emphasis is given to synthesis of various bioactive heterocycles. Careful selection of various topics in this book will serve the rightful purpose for the chemistry community and the industrial houses at all levels, particularly on novel methods developed by the respective authors and their research groups.

In organic synthesis, heterocyclic molecules are fundamental building blocks of biological systems. We know that more than 90% of new drugs contain heterocycles and these are the interface between chemistry and biology. These compounds are inextricably woven into the life processes.

This book will serve as reference material for many researchers working in the field of medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, and pharmaceutical chemistry. Many new synthetic methods for the preparation of organic molecules bare included in this book. Due to their great importance, the development of novel synthetic methods remains an active research area. Therefore, the present book project explores all the new research and developments in synthetic organic chemistry. This book will be extremely helpful for all organic chemistry researchers.

**II**

**Chapter 8 159**

**Chapter 9 181**

**Chapter 10 207**

**Chapter 11 217**

Catalytic Activity of Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes *by Badri Nath Jha, Nishant Singh and Abhinav Raghuvanshi*

Torrefaction of Sunflower Seed: Effect on Extracted Oil Quality

Therapeutic Significance of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Compounds

*by Jamel Mejri, Youkabed Zarrouk and Majdi Hammami*

Total Synthesis of Macrolides

as Potential Anticancer Agents *by Tangali Ramanaik Ravikumar Naik*

*by Chebolu Naga Sesha Sai Pavan Kumar*

**Belakatte Parameshwarappa Nandeshwarappa** Davangere University, India

**1**

Section 1

Section A

Section 1 Section A

**3**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

biological importance

the twenty-first century.

**1. Introduction**

Importance

*Tejpal Singh Chundawat*

for the synthesis of substituted and fused β-carbolines.

**Keywords:** β-carboline, scaffold, organic synthesis, natural product,

The need for efficient and practical synthesis of biologically active molecules remains one of the greatest intellectual challenges with which chemists are faced in

Organic synthesis is a compound-creating activity often focused on biologically active molecules and occupies a central role in any pharmaceutical development endeavor. The field of organic synthesis has made phenomenal advances in the past 50 years, yet chemists still struggle to design synthetic routes that will enable them to obtain sufficient quantities of complex molecules for biological and medicinal studies. The diversity of β-carboline compounds offers a great advantage for being

Design and Strategic Synthesis of

β-Carboline compounds and their derivatives have attracted strong interest in medicinal chemistry due to their biological and pharmacological properties. Many bioactive β-carboline-based natural products have been found to be an important source of drugs and drug leads. β-Carboline has major players in natural products chemistry, which plays an important role in drug discovery. β-Carboline represents the core unit of several natural products, alkaloids, and bioactive compounds. The unusual and complex molecular architectures of natural products pose significant challenges to organic chemists and are a source of inspiration for the development of new organic reactions and innovative synthetic strategies. However, in many cases, β-carboline natural products are isolated in only minute quantities, and their constant supply from natural sources is problematic or virtually impossible. In addition, chemoselective derivatization of natural products themselves is usually quite difficult because of their sensitive and elaborate molecular structures, and access to their structural analogs is severely restricted in many cases. Since chemical synthesis is expected to be the only way to overcome these shortcomings, β-carboline natural products are rewarding synthetic targets for organic chemists. This chapter assimilates the reports pertaining to the synthetic applications of some β-carbolines

Some β-Carboline-Based Novel

Natural Products of Biological

## **Chapter 1**
