**Author details**

Evanthia K. Zervoudi Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece

\*Address all correspondence to: zervoudiev@aueb.gr

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**25**

*Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities, Challenges, and Proposed Policies*

automation [Internet]. 2018. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/hu/hu/ kiadvanyok/assets/pdf/impact\_of\_

[8] McKinsey. Industry 4.0 after the initial hype: Where manufacturers are finding value and how they can best capture it [Internet]. 2016. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/ mckinsey/business%20functions/ mckinsey%20digital/our%20insights/ getting%20the%20most%20out%20 of%20industry%204%200/mckinsey\_

[9] European Commission. Key lessons from national industry 4.0 policy initiatives in Europe [Internet]. 2017. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/ growth/toolsdatabases/dem/monitor/ sites/default/files/DTM\_Policy%20 initiative%20comparison%20v1.pdf

[10] World Bank. The Changing Nature of Work [Internet]. 2019. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/ curated/en/816281518818814423/2019-

[11] Acemoglu D. Technical change, inequality and the labor market. Journal of Economic Literature.

[12] Barro RJ. Inequality and growth in a panel of countries. Journal of Economic

[13] Krueger AB. How computers have changed the wages structure—Evidence from microdata, 1984-1989. Quarterly Journal of Economics. 1993;**108**:33-60

[14] Krusell P, Ohanian L, Rνos-Rull JV,

[15] Hornstein A, Krusell P, Violante GL. The effects of technical change on

complementarity and Ine-quality: A macroeconomic analysis. Econometrica.

Violante GL. Capital-skill

2000;**68**:1029-1054

automation\_on\_jobs.pdf

industry\_40\_2016.ashx

WDR-Report.pdf

2002;**40**(1):7-72

Growth. 2005;**1**:5-32

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90412*

[1] Rifkin J. The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era. Putnam Publishing Group; 1995

[2] Frey CB, Osborne MA. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization? Technological

Forecasting and Social Change.

[3] Bowles J. The Computerisation of European Jobs—Who Will Win and Who Will Lose from the Impact of New Technology onto Old Areas of Employment? Brussels: Bruegel Institute; 2014. Available at: https://bruegel.org/2014/07/

the-computerisation-of-european-jobs/

[5] Arntz M, Gregory T, Zierahn U. The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis. In: OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. 189. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2016. DOI:

10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en

[6] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Putting faces to the jobs at risk of automation. Policy Brief on the Future of Work. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2018. Available at: http:// www.oecd.org/els/emp/future-of-work/ Automation-policy-brief2018.pdf

[7] PwC (Hawksworth, Berriman και Cameron). Will robots really steal our jobs? An international analysis of the potential long term impact of

[4] Smit J, Kreutzer S, Moeller C, Carlberg M. Directorate General for Internal Policies Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy Industry 4.0. European Union [Internet]. 2016. Available at: http:// www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/ etudes/STUD/2016/570007/ IPOL\_STU(2016)570007\_EN.pdf

2017;**114**:254-280

**References**

*Fourth Industrial Revolution: Opportunities, Challenges, and Proposed Policies DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90412*
