**Abstract**

This chapter presents a case study of learning environments that generated a technical description of the reconditioning and commissioning of an industrial robotic arm, specifically from electronic control, mechanical design, and its application in kinematics and programming, as a pedagogical tool that powers education training. Topics are developed in a didactic way in the research hotbed such as the technology implemented to recondition the arm, the modifications that were made in terms of electrical and electronic capabilities, the analysis of the initial state of the existing electrical elements, the new devices to be implemented, and necessary calculations for the reconstruction and adaptation of the arm from the electro-mechanical point of view. It is actually the best way to promote research in the training of the student in the classroom, taking the initiative to access knowledge with the guidance of the teacher to understand the information related to the problem to be solved. The project method allows me to strengthen learning and especially the construction of knowledge of the dual relationship, SENA academy—business and theory—practice, as a training model.

**Keywords:** robotic arm, knowledge, kinematic, learning environments, research, repowering

### **1. Introduction**

The progress of a country's industry consolidates on a technological basis made up of milling machine tools, lathes, loading robots, and robotic arms [1]. The reason for launching this statement base on the efficiency of the development of manufacturing processes since the greater the number of high-quality products produced in the shortest possible time, the lower the manufacturing cost [2]. Additionally, in [3], the development of robots for production process in the food industry is presented; in 2015 with [4, 5] the importance clarify not only of the implementation of robots in the industry but of how they integrate and interact safely with humans in different industrial processes and 2016 in [6]. The concept of hybrid equipment presented as a new form of industrial revolution through the use of robots equipped with new forms of technology and artificial intelligence to work alongside human beings.

In this same line, SENA through the GACIPE group belonging to the CTMA (Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technology), in the last 3 years has been developing different projects related to intelligent manufacturing systems, appropriating the

appropriate management of the technology that usually work has been done worldwide on machine tool projects such as CNC machines and robotic arms of industrial order.

The educational approach of SENA of an institution with technical and technological programs such as SENA is education for work, and that is why the realization of projects such as these, of great importance with a high technological, scientific and research index, becomes a necessary and innovative support process that allows a student to interact with a robust element, which he may have to face in his work life, and which is not normally easily accessible to him; In most cases, these items purchased with large budgets are considered materials of unique manipulation by experts. However, through this methodology based on social constructivism pedagogy, the active participation of students from the beginning of the research process, encouraging their creativity, curiosity, and analysis capacity, allows them to achieve the structuring of possible solutions for the obsolescence of different teams they can face in their working life.

Therefore, the objective of the project was to promote the research capacity and the development of technological solutions from the repowering of the industrial robotic arm in order to allow interaction between teachers, students, and the business sector, with a view to strengthening applied research, the development of the ability to work in groups and interdisciplinarity and the promotion of a culture of learning.

## **2. Methodology**

The project method was implemented, which consists of a training strategy that articulates a set of activities to solve one or several problems in the real context [7]. The realization and development of the project had a specific problem the repowering of an industrial robotic arm, which required the participation of some teachers, students, led by the research group with experience and knowledge in the subject of machines and tools, taking advantage of a real need that strengthens the student and future professional of SENA and count on the linkage of the company as part of the development of the research processes.

The execution of the proposal based on the principles of social constructivism in which the formulation of a solution strategy proposed by the student and the teacher plays a mediating role, the technological means are the tools for its operation and the didactic instrument is the industrial robotic arm [8].

The strategy implemented was carried out following the following: diagnostic, planning, intervention, and socialization phases.

The participants of the project were three members of the GACIPE research group (SENA Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technology). The members are the project director, and the leaders of the two research seedlings SIMAN and SIE. The members of the two seedbeds also participated. The SIMAN seedbed linked seven students of the Technology in Design of Mechanical Elements for its Manufacture with CNC Machine Tools. The SIE seedbed linked seven students of Industrial Electricity Technology. Finally, the company participated with the owner and some employees designing and building some pieces required in the project.

### **3. Conceptual framework**

### **3.1 Learning environments**

They are educational scenarios where favorable conditions of learning exist and develop, and that is not limited to the material conditions necessary

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*Training by Projects in an Industrial Robotic Application DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90667*

**3.3 The social constructivist pedagogical model**

execute them, and evaluate (socialize) them.

the outdated electronics, were out of service.

mechanism for a pedagogical and research process.

infrastructure [9].

**3.2 Knowledge**

intentionally [10].

on his experience [11].

**3.4 Project training**

**4. Project description**

**4.1 Diagnostic stage**

for their implementation, but are shaped by the dynamics of the educational process from the development of actions, lived experiences, attitudes to material and socio-emotional conditions, relations with the environment and

It is a process of interaction between the subject and the medium, but the medium is understood as something social and cultural, which also involves the physical. The construction of knowledge is achieved from the moment the student constructs meanings in a structured environment and interacts with other people

It is a pedagogical model based on the interaction and communication of students and the collective construction of knowledge. The student is the result of the historical and social process. The language plays an essential role. The evaluation is dynamic. The teacher performs the role of mediator and supports the process based

Project training classified as inductive teaching methods focused on student and active learning since the beginning of the training process. During the process proposed as a challenge, a problem stimulates student learning and gives him the responsibility before his process, requiring an effort of discussion and resolution of problems from the beginning of the project. The idea of constructivism is that in the formative process, the protagonist is the student who builds his knowledge from his own experience being more enriching [12]. This method developed in phases or stages such as: make a diagnosis, determine a problem, plan activities to solve it,

The equipment to be intervened is a robotic industrial welding arm of reference MR-2000 manufactured in 1995 by the MILLER company, and it has six degrees of freedom and weighs approximately 160 kg. Said arm provided its services last century and for different factors such as deterioration of its connections, the lack of maintenance, the obsolescence of its control system based on old processors, and

A technical diagnosis applied in the SENA facilities by research professors of the GACIPE research group, where a large part of the robot needed an update and their electromechanical systems had to be replaced; however, the diagnosis threw in front of the structure was stable and with high possibilities to work on her making some adjustments. This mechanical arm structure then becomes an excellent candidate for reconditioning and repowering devised for the project, which makes it a perfect

for their implementation, but are shaped by the dynamics of the educational process from the development of actions, lived experiences, attitudes to material and socio-emotional conditions, relations with the environment and infrastructure [9].
