**5. Projects of the leading manufacturers and researchers**

Analysis of proposals and technological projects launched by leading manufacturers and related to usage of satellite networks for expanding the capabilities of 5G networks shows that Boeing [11] and Samsung [7] companies have already tried to make presentations of their projects applicable for 5G satellite segment deployment.

The Boeing company requested the US Federal Communications Commission for permission to launch and operate fixed satellite service (FSS) network on nongeostationary orbit (NGSO). The network would operate in a low-Earth orbit (LEO) in the frequency band 37.5–42.5 GHz (space-Earth) and in the frequency bands 47.2–50.2 and 50.4–52.4 GHz of V-band (Earth-space); it would be used as a NGSO system providing solution of 5G satellite segment operation issues.

The Boeing proposed NGSO system as depicted in **Figure 11** and considered as a 5G satellite segment that is designed to provide a wide range of modern telecommunication services alongside with 5G internet services for a broad types of V-band earth stations and user terminals. V-band user terminals use modern antenna arrays for transmitting and receiving broadband signals in channels of different pass bands. It is to note that a high throughput is supported by multichannel and multiple polarization terminals.

The Boeing presented NGSO system would consist of 2956 LEO satellites for the fixed satellite service network providing high throughput low latency access for user terminals connected through gateway ("hubs") access to 5G network and to a terrestrial optic-fiber network as backhaul connecting to 5G.

The system gateways are expected to be located outside the densely populated areas in the regions with relatively low consumer demand for 5G services. Each

**95**

**Figure 12.**

**Figure 11.**

*Satellite solution of the Boeing company.*

*Scheme of on-board processing payload.*

*Prospects of 5G Satellite Networks Development DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90943*

NGSO satellite would form beams, corresponding to cell diameter from 8 up to

The NGSO system gateways would operate in the same V-band as user terminals. These gateways would support both frequency and polarization selection of signals with two types of antennas polarization LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarized) and RHCP (Right Hand Circular Polarized). In addition, the access gateways may contain more than one antenna thereby providing simultaneous access to multiple

At the first stage of deployment, the Boeing NGSO system would comprise a constellation of 1396 LEO satellites in an altitude of 1200 km. The initial satellite constellation would consist of 35 circular orbital planes with an inclination of 45°

The NGSO system payload (**Figure 12**) would use the improved space-time processing in the course of antenna beam-forming as well as on board digital

11 km on the Earth surface within the overall satellite coverage area.

NGSO satellites visible from a relevant access gateway.

and additional 6 circular planes inclined at 55°.

#### *Prospects of 5G Satellite Networks Development DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90943*

*Moving Broadband Mobile Communications Forward - Intelligent Technologies for 5G…*

*5GS with regenerative satellite enabled NR-RAN, with ISL and multiple 5G Core connectivity.*

**5. Projects of the leading manufacturers and researchers**

system providing solution of 5G satellite segment operation issues.

terrestrial optic-fiber network as backhaul connecting to 5G.

terminals is limited to L- and S-frequency bands. However, the studies regarding the potential functioning of 5G satellite user terminals within Ku and mm-wave

Analysis of proposals and technological projects launched by leading manufacturers and related to usage of satellite networks for expanding the capabilities of 5G networks shows that Boeing [11] and Samsung [7] companies have already tried to make presentations of their projects applicable for 5G satellite segment deployment. The Boeing company requested the US Federal Communications Commission for permission to launch and operate fixed satellite service (FSS) network on nongeostationary orbit (NGSO). The network would operate in a low-Earth orbit (LEO) in the frequency band 37.5–42.5 GHz (space-Earth) and in the frequency bands 47.2–50.2 and 50.4–52.4 GHz of V-band (Earth-space); it would be used as a NGSO

The Boeing proposed NGSO system as depicted in **Figure 11** and considered as a 5G satellite segment that is designed to provide a wide range of modern telecommunication services alongside with 5G internet services for a broad types of V-band earth stations and user terminals. V-band user terminals use modern antenna arrays for transmitting and receiving broadband signals in channels of different pass bands. It is to note that a high throughput is supported by multichannel and mul-

The Boeing presented NGSO system would consist of 2956 LEO satellites for the fixed satellite service network providing high throughput low latency access for user terminals connected through gateway ("hubs") access to 5G network and to a

The system gateways are expected to be located outside the densely populated areas in the regions with relatively low consumer demand for 5G services. Each

**94**

**Figure 10.**

bands are still ongoing.

tiple polarization terminals.

NGSO satellite would form beams, corresponding to cell diameter from 8 up to 11 km on the Earth surface within the overall satellite coverage area.

The NGSO system gateways would operate in the same V-band as user terminals. These gateways would support both frequency and polarization selection of signals with two types of antennas polarization LHCP (Left Hand Circular Polarized) and RHCP (Right Hand Circular Polarized). In addition, the access gateways may contain more than one antenna thereby providing simultaneous access to multiple NGSO satellites visible from a relevant access gateway.

At the first stage of deployment, the Boeing NGSO system would comprise a constellation of 1396 LEO satellites in an altitude of 1200 km. The initial satellite constellation would consist of 35 circular orbital planes with an inclination of 45° and additional 6 circular planes inclined at 55°.

The NGSO system payload (**Figure 12**) would use the improved space-time processing in the course of antenna beam-forming as well as on board digital

**Figure 11.** *Satellite solution of the Boeing company.*

**Figure 12.** *Scheme of on-board processing payload.*

#### *Moving Broadband Mobile Communications Forward - Intelligent Technologies for 5G…*

processing so as to generate thousands of narrow-band beams to provide 5G network services through satellite segment on the Earth surface.

Each satellite up-link or down-link may consist of up to five channels of 1 GHz pass band resulting in a total pass band of 5 GHz depending on instant capacity required for a cell supported by a relevant satellite antenna beam. Any satellite UL-channel may be connected to any satellite DL-channel in compliance with used connection algorithm.

Boeing company estimation results show that usage of a satellite network for fixed satellite channels and its spectrum sharing with a 5G terrestrial network in the frequency band 37.5–40.0 GHz would be feasible under the following conditions:


The power flux density (PFD) limits approved by ITU [11, 12] would provide protection for 5G network terrestrial segment from interference caused by FSS satellite network downlinks subject to meeting the requirement of minimal reducing of 5G terrestrial network signal level to 0.2–0.6 dBW.

Boeing simulation results also show that in the assumed spectrum sharing scenario the increasing of 5G base station power would result in enlarging a number of satellite receivers affected by interference from 5G users. Hence, it is required to adopt a (>50 dBW) level of mitigating the interference from 5G networks between FSS earth station receivers and transmitting mobile and base stations of 5G terrestrial segment.

The results of Boeing statistical simulation and quantitative estimation of interference levels show that:


Therefore, the joint deployment of satellite and terrestrial segments of 5G network is subject to particular conditions related to joint use of spectrum in V-band.

As confirmation, possibility of successfully utilization integrated satellite segment into 3GPP 5G testbed networks was the last demonstration of Surrey University achievements in 5G satellite network development [13].

Three use cases were demonstrated over a live satellite network via Avanti's GEO HYLAS 4 satellite and using iDirect's 5G-enabled Intelligent Gateway (IGW) satellite ground infrastructure that to 5G testbed core network of the University of Surrey to 5G UE terminals. All the 5G testbed use cases used this integrated 5G satellite system for the live satellite connectivity.

The use-case for 5G moving platform was demonstrated over SES's O3b MEO satellite system, using real terminals and 5G core network.

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**Author details**

Valery Tikhvinskiy1,2\* and Victor Koval3

3 Geyser-Telecom Ltd., Moscow, Russian Federation

\*Address all correspondence to: vtniir@mail.ru

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Radio Research and Development Institute (NIIR), Moscow, Russian Federation

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

The need to provide the coverage of large areas of developed countries with 5G networks and the creation of 5G satellite segment of integrate 5G system become relevant issues of development and standardization of 5G networks at the second stage of building these networks in the period 2020–2025, playing the pivotal role in

3GPP efforts allowed to obtain many different use cases of 5G satellite segment applications, architecture solutions on bent-pipe, and on-board processing technologies, which would implement in development of future satellite systems.

The leading international organizations in the field of telecommunications as ITU, 3GPP, 5G PPP joined their efforts with consortiums and satellite manufacturers in conducting the researches related to the elaboration of 5G within the radio frequency ranges that have been allotted to satellite radio service to 5G on WRC-19,

One of the most important issues of 5G satellite segment future development may refer to shared spectrum usage in the frequency bands allocated to 5G satellite and terrestrial segments on the primary basis. Also urgent is the issue of intersystem electromagnetic compatibility of aboard equipment and earth stations with base

2 Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

*Prospects of 5G Satellite Networks Development DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90943*

**6. Conclusion**

forging Digital economy.

especially in S-, Ka- and V-bands.

stations and user devices of 5G terrestrial segment.
