System Realization and Enabling Technologies

**Chapter 1**

Networks

**Abstract**

*and Paulo P. Monteiro*

Things, mobile edge computing

**1. Introduction**

paradigms [2].

**3**

Trends in Cloud Computing

Directions toward 6G Fog

*Isiaka A. Alimi, Romil K. Patel, Aziza Zaouga,*

directions toward the sixth generation fog computing paradigm.

*Nelson J. Muga, Qin Xin, Armando N. Pinto*

Paradigms: Fundamental Issues,

Recent Advances, and Research

There has been significant research interest in various computing-based paradigms such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, fog computing, and edge computing, due to their various associated advantages. In this chapter, we present a comprehensive review of these architectures and their associated concepts. Moreover, we consider different enable technologies that facilitate computing paradigm evolution. In this context, we focus mainly on fog computing considering its related fundamental issues and recent advances. Besides, we present further research

**Keywords:** 5G, 6G, cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing, Internet of

The need to achieve excellent Quality of Service (QoS) to facilitate effective Quality of Experience (QoE) is one of the notable factors that has brought about substantial evolution in the computing paradigms. For instance, the cloud computing paradigm has been presented to ensure an effective development and delivery of various innovative Internet services [1]. Also, the unprecedented development of various applications and growing smart mobile devices for supporting Internet-of-Things (IoT) have presented significant constraints regarding latency, bandwidth, and connectivity on the centralized-based paradigm of cloud computing [2–4]. To address the limitations, research interests have been shifting toward decentralized

A good instance of a decentralized paradigm is edge computing. Conceptually,

edge computing focuses on rendering several services at the network edge to
