Meet the editorS

Gwo Yaw Ho is a senior medical oncologist at Monash Health and he specialises in treating women with breast and gynaecologic cancer. He has an academic appointment with Monash University as a research fellow and was awarded the Monash University, School of Clinical Science Clinician-scientist Fellowship in 2019. He completed his PhD study in 2019 at the Walter and Eliza Hall (WEHI) Institute of Medical Research whilst practicing

as a medical oncologist at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. The focus of his research is a subset of high-grade ovarian cancer, including carcinosarcoma, with the poorest outcome which is associated with increased activity of the oncogenic MYCN pathway.

Dr Sophia Frentzas is a medical oncologist and clinical researcher focusing on gynaecological and gastrointestinal malignancies as well as Phase I clinical trials. Dr Frentzas graduated from Imperial College School of Medicine, London, in 2002. She has also completed a laboratory-based, translational PhD at the Institute of Cancer Research, University of London and was awarded her doctorate certificate in 2014. Since migrating to Australia

in 2016, Dr Frentzas has worked as a Full Time Specialist in Medical Oncology at the Alan Walker Cancer Centre, Royal Darwin Hospital, NT. During this time, she chaired the Clinical Trials Unit at the Alan Walker Cancer Centre, was a member of the NT Cancer Care Network, was involved in outreach oncology clinic support in the Northern Territory, conducted the Cultural Awareness and Safety course, and participated in The Flinders University medical student teaching program. Dr Frentzas is now part of the medical oncology team at Monash Health where she specialises in the treatment of patients with colorectal, upper gastrointestinal tract, and gynaecological tract cancers. Her main research interests are focused on novel and personal approaches for the treatment of solid tumours, particularly in targeting aberrant pathways for angiogenesis, and on the investigation of strategies to overcome resistance to conventionally employed therapeutic agents. Her research has been published in a number of peer-reviewed, high impact factor journals, and abstracts. She has also had the opportunity to present her work at several national and international conferences.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Preface III**

Advances in Gynaecological Malignancies **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 51**

**Chapter 4 67**

Updates in Radiation Therapy in Gynaecological Malignancies **81**

**Chapter 5 83**

**Chapter 6 99**

Immunotherapy in Gynecological Malignancies

*by Yair Alfaro-Mora, Luis A. Herrera, Rodrigo Cáceres-Gutiérrez, Marco A. Andonegui-Elguera, Guadalupe Dominguez-Gómez* 

Glucagonoma Masquerading as a Mucinous Cancer of the Ovary:

*by Gwo Yaw Ho, Sumitra Ananda, Cassandra J. Vandenberg, Orla McNally, Jeanne Tie, Kylie Gorringe, David Bowtell, Jan Pyman, Matthew J. Wakefield and Clare L. Scott*

Therapeutic Effect of Glypican-3 Gene Silencing Using siRNA for Ovarian Cancer in a Murine Peritoneal Dissemination Model

The Role of Epigenetics in Cervical Cancer

*by Mai Hazekawa, Takuya Nishinakagawa,* 

*Tomoyo Kawakubo-Yasukochi and Manabu Nakashima*

Dosimetric and Radiobiological Evaluation of Combined Radiotherapy of Cervical Cancer Based on the VMAT Technique *by Evgeniia Sergeevna Sukhikh and Leonid Grigorievich Sukhikh*

Intraoperative Radiation Therapy in Gynecological Cancer

*by Albert Biete, Angeles Rovirosa and Gabriela Oses*

*by Neha Sharma and Deepti Sharma*

*and José Díaz-Chávez*

**Section 2**

Lessons from Cell Biology

## Contents


Preface

Gynaecological malignancies are a heterogeneous group of diseases composed of multiple types of cancer based on their organ-of-origin within the female genital tract; each type having their own distinct molecular and clinical sub-categorisation. Women with advanced gynaecological malignancy, in particular the rarer subtypes, face a formidable challenge as fatal resistance to therapies commonly occurs within a few years of diagnosis. The improvement in our ability to understand the tumour biology and to target the underlying drivers and vulnerabilities of these tumours is essential in order to develop effective treatments for women battling this disease.

This book aims to present a review of the significant advances in the understanding and management of gynaecological malignancies. Major areas of importance in this field will be covered, incorporating new knowledge that has arisen due to the advancements in molecular techniques and the ability to correlate these molecular changes with clinical behaviour of gynaecologic tumours. The therapeutic implications of molecular subtyping to match appropriate therapies and the appreciation

> **Gwo Yaw Ho** Monash University,

> Parkville, Australia

Melbourne, Australia

**Sophia Frentzas** Monash University,

Walter and Eliza Hall Institute,

Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre,

Australia

Australia

of the use of up-to-date radiotherapy techniques will be explored.
