*2.8.3 Catapult*

Catapult's ClearSky T6 is a tracking system unlike any other. It combines inertial data sensors with RF ultra-wideband tracking systems to determine the athlete's

#### **Figure 21.**

*Hoop tracker features. Web source: http://www.hooptracker.com/.*

### *Application of Basketball Game Models through Sports Technology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88432*

exact location, whether indoors or outdoors, without needing satellite reception tools like GPS which may be unreliable inside some modern sports facilities. It uses triangulation between anchors that can be set up relatively quickly throughout an arena or stadium to continually ping the devices for real time location information. A recent study confirmed that its calculation of position, distance and average speed from the local positioning system shows a low level of error, with an average difference in distance lower than 2%, which validates the use of this technology for indoor analysis of team sports. Nonetheless, it was concluded that the placement of anchor nodes and field of play in relation to the walls of the building has great influence on the location positioning system output [38]. Catapult technology does not only capture the location, but it also measures PlayerLoad—a one number validated metric that shows work rate, and even health indicators like heart rate. Developed with the Australian Institute of Sport, PlayerLoad summarizes all the data points provided by micro movements into one understandable number and is measured instantaneously approximately 100 times per second. This metric takes into account the acceleration made in all possible directions, front, sideways and upwards. Distance-based measures can lead to errors of judgment, for instance, in basketball all players attack and defend so while the distance covered may be the same, the number of jumps, rotations and contacts is misrepresented. An acceleration-based metric, such as PlayerLoad, indicates the mechanical load on muscles and joints.

In the 2014–2015 season, the Golden State Warriors used catapult technology during practice (NBA has not allowed the use of inertial sensors in the actual game) to help monitor the players' work load and optimize its management. The outcome speaks for itself as the Warriors finished regular season with the least amount of time lost to injury in the league. The challenge going forward relies on 32 understanding the correlation between workload and injury patterns. By identifying the thresholds, greater knowledge is achieved regarding the players' tolerance level, and coaching staff may prevent players from leaving their optimal loading zone. The same can be applied to performance; patterns may be identified regarding workload and performance, enabling staff to know at what load levels the athlete will perform best. In summary, catapult provides new data which can be transformed into information if adjusted data mining techniques are applied, and consequently generate knowledge from the findings (**Figure 22**) [39].

#### *2.8.4 Noahlytics*

quite useful as real time results are only a quick glance away during workout. When the ball goes through the hoop, it activates the sensor, which subsequently sends a signal to the watch that the shot was made. When a shot is missed, the vibration created by hitting the backboard or the rim is detected by the accelerometer sensors which send a signal to the watch that the shot was missed. Moreover, the developers incorporated a delay in the signal to account for the shots that bounce around the rim before going in. The only shot it cannot automatically detect is the air ball, for which there is a button on the watch that can be pressed to record it as a miss. With access to shooting percentages from different locations, players can evaluate their success rate from different positions on the court e.g. free throws, three-pointers, etc. and take advantage of the training modes available for those positions. Once their data is uploaded, they can access the Hoop Tracker dashboard on their own computer and analyze their stats, track their long-term progress and identify their strengths and areas for improvement. There is also a coach mode which allows coaches to monitor

their players' progress and customize training accordingly (**Figure 21**) [36].

of the game by offering fun games and even a calorie counter.

*Hoop tracker features. Web source: http://www.hooptracker.com/.*

*2.8.3 Catapult*

**Figure 21.**

**112**

**Figure 20.**

*Hoop tracker gear. Web source: https://shottracker.com/.*

*Sports Science and Human Health - Different Approaches*

The software also comes with some fun games that will keep the player engaged while improving his/her skills, such as the 3 pt. challenge, the all FG mode or the 100 pt. challenge [37]. All in all, they have tried to appeal to both professional players and coaches with regard to training modes and stats, and to amateur lovers

Catapult's ClearSky T6 is a tracking system unlike any other. It combines inertial data sensors with RF ultra-wideband tracking systems to determine the athlete's

Noahlytics is a shooting tracking system that tracks players'shots from anywhere in a basketball court. It measures the location from where the shot was taken whether the shot was made or missed, entry angle, depth and left-right position of the ball when reaching the hoop and provides real time feedback. It has the ability

to capture the position of the ball 30 times per second, ensuring that the trajectory and position of the ball when reaching the hoop is precisely recorded. Users can find information about their shots in a cloud-based platform in real time and are able to

filter data by different variables like court placement, player name or even made or

Noahlytics was the system used to record the ball entry attributes of over 1 million shots in Marty and Lucey's winning research paper. Based on the conclusions of the study, its potential is undeniable as registered data contributed to greater understanding of the factors behind the success of a basketball shot. For this reason, Noah Basketball won the 2017 Startup Competition in its category at the

By way of summary, a compilation of the metrics that are captured by each

In this humble chapter we tried to analyze the application of game basketball patterns through sports technology. In which we have presented some of the latest equipment, technology tools and which serve to increase the performance of basketball game. In the end we can conclude that in this chapter will be considered the application of basketball game models through sports technology the last time is very important in raising the performance of basketball players. Based on many years of experience as a player, trainer, a good connoisseur of theory and scientificexperimental practice, basketball pedagogue, as well as the use of contemporary professional and scientific literature for this chapter, it is very well seen that the application of game models of basketball through sports technology is important for

1 Department of Car and Welfare Children, Fama University, Prishtina, Kosovo

2 Center of Research, Studies in Physical Education, Sport and Health, Prishtina,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

\*Address all correspondence to: artankryeziu88@hotmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

missed shot, for example (**Figure 23**).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88432*

*Application of Basketball Game Models through Sports Technology*

Sloan Sports Analytics Conference [40].

device is shown in **Table 1**.

**3. Conclusion**

the basketball game.

**Author details**

Kosovo

**115**

Artan R. Kryeziu1,2

#### **Figure 23.**

*Noahlytics entry attributes. Web source: https://www.noahbasketball.com/blog/noah-basketball-launches-ne w-noahlytics-data-service.*


#### **Table 1.** *Metrics measured by current devices.*

*Application of Basketball Game Models through Sports Technology DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88432*

filter data by different variables like court placement, player name or even made or missed shot, for example (**Figure 23**).

Noahlytics was the system used to record the ball entry attributes of over 1 million shots in Marty and Lucey's winning research paper. Based on the conclusions of the study, its potential is undeniable as registered data contributed to greater understanding of the factors behind the success of a basketball shot. For this reason, Noah Basketball won the 2017 Startup Competition in its category at the Sloan Sports Analytics Conference [40].

By way of summary, a compilation of the metrics that are captured by each device is shown in **Table 1**.
