Meet the editor

Nagehan Ersoy Tunalı received her Ph.D., M.Sc., and B.Sc. degrees in Molecular Biology and Genetics from the Boğaziçi University, İstanbul (TR). Her Ph.D. work involved "Molecular Analysis of Polyglutamine Diseases and Investigation of the Interaction Between Huntingtin and Nuclear Receptor Corepressor". She had the opportunity to gain experience in Huntington's Disease (HD) research at the University of Manchester (UK),

CNR-Istituto di Medicina Sperimentale e Biotecnologie (IT) and the University of Wales College of Medicine (UK). She served as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Cell and Molecular Biology between 2006 and 2016. Nagehan ERSOY TUNALI is currently conducting research on genetic modifiers of HD, localization and interactions of huntingtin, molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity in HD, diagnostic biomarker discovery in AD, and nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches in HD and AD.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Rajani Singh*

*by Anoop T. Chakrapani*

Mechanisms and Similarities

*and Oguz Osman Erdinc*

EEG Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

*by Eugenie Nepovimova and Kamil Kuca*

*by Demet Ilhan Algin, Demet Ozbabalık Adapinar* 

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Brain and Its Neurodegeneration **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 29**

and Treatment **55**

**Chapter 4 57**

**Chapter 5 69**

**Chapter 6 77**

Cerebellum: Its Anatomy, Functions and Diseases

of Addiction and Its Relation to Neurodegeneration *by Maria Uscinska, Nicolo' Gagliano and Frank Ho-Yin Lai*

The Brain Stress System in the Neurobiology of the "Dark Side"

Biomarkers of Diseases: Their Role in Emergency Medicine

Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Biomarkers

Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular

Multi-Target-Directed Ligands in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

*by Karla Isabel Lira-De León, Alma Delia Bertadillo-Jilote, David Gustavo García-Gutiérrez and Marco Antonio Meraz-Ríos*

### Contents



Preface

Neurodegeneration is a broad term used to describe a range of processes that result in dysfunction and eventually death of the neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases represent a very large group of heterogeneous disorders affecting specific subtypes of neurons in the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases are listed among the leading causes of death and pose a serious public health challenge. Recently, the rising global burden of incurable neurodegenerative diseases has forced governments to allocate their financial and scientific resources to neurodegeneration research all

This book contributes both to the awareness of the anatomy and functions of our mysterious brain and its neurodegenerative states. In the first section of the book, our mini-brain, the cerebellum and its involvement in neurodegeneration are introduced first, since it has major roles in coordination, posture, balance, and important mental processes. In addition to that, the brain stress system and its contribution to neurodegeneration are discussed in a separate chapter. This section is finalized with a chapter involving biomarkers in emergency medicine and neurodegeneration, which will help clinicians and researchers search for certain emergency biomarkers in neurodegenerative conditions. The proceeding sections of the book include the presentation of three widely known and extensively studied neurodegenerative diseases; Alzheimer's Disease, Huntington's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The main molecular mechanisms, related biomarkers, and current modern therapy strategies are introduced. In addition to those, the characteristics of prion proteins in healthy cellular states and their involvement in prion diseases are discussed. In the last section of the book, molecular mechanisms of epilepsy are introduced, based on the fact that it is commonly associated with various neurode-

generative alterations in brain areas involved in electrographic seizures.

therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.

mysterious neurodegenerative disorders.

The book is intended to serve as a source to aid clinicians and researchers in the field, and also life science readers to increase their understanding and awareness of the clinical correlations, genetic aspects, neuropathological findings, and current

I would like to thank all the authors for their close cooperation and valuable work. I believe that this book will enlighten the curiosity for neurodegeneration and also encourage researchers to work on potentially effective molecular therapies for still

**Nagehan Ersoy Tunali, Ph.D.**

İstanbul Medeniyet University,

İstanbul, Turkey

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics,

around the world.
