**Abstract**

The exercise training promotes functional and structural changes on several systems, including cardiovascular, resulting in physiological modifications responsible for maintaining variables such as cardiac output, preservation of blood flow, and the metabolic demand required in different sports. Recently, cardiac remodeling has been studied in order to broaden knowledge about the effects of physical training on cardiovascular characteristics in different populations. However, the adaptive responses inherent in exercise on cardiac remodeling seem to be influenced by other variables relevant to training, regulatory systems, and population specificity. Thus, this chapter aimed to elucidate the adaptive hypertrophic changes caused by physical exercise.

**Keywords:** physiological hypertrophy, physical exercise, hypertension, cardiac adaptation, sports
