*3.6.2 The subjects*

The study involved lone skaters aged 13–14 years (adolescent boys, n = 45). The subjects were divided into two subgroups: the first included subjects with a left hand cross-over indicator (n = 23), which reflects the partial dominance of the right frontal lobe related to the regulative block of the brain according to A. Luria. The second group consisted of subjects with a right-hand indicator of the "crossing of arms" sample according to A.R. Luria, which reflects the partial dominance of the left frontal lobe (n = 22). All subjects had approximately the same age and social status. The study was performed on the basis of schools of figure skating in the city of Vienna (Austria) [22].

#### *3.6.3 The hypothesis of the study*

Adolescent boys of 13–14 years old with right-hand indicators of the "crosshand" test (which reflects the partial dominance of the left frontal lobe of the regulatory block of the brain) may show a higher level of motivation for success compared with adolescents with left-hand indicators of this test.

### *3.6.4 Purpose of the study*

To study the features of the motivation to achieve success with single skaters (adolescent boys aged 13–14 years), taking into account individual psychological characteristics and profiles of functional asymmetries.

### *3.6.5 Results and discussion*

#### *3.6.5.1 Test T. Elers*

In the aggregate of the characteristics of an effective sports activity, an important factor is the motivation to succeed. A real athlete with a high level of motivation is always at the center of any sports situation, and effective activity in any field implies a high degree of motivation.

The study of patterns and characteristics of the motivational sphere makes it possible to predict the behavior of an individual in a given situation. Therefore, the motivational sphere is one of the most important components of personality; it becomes the main object of study for psychological science in general and in the study of behavioral psychology in sports in particular.

According to T. Ehlers, the motivation to achieve success may manifest itself as follows: a person with a higher motivation to success prefers a medium or low level of risk, and he avoids a high level of risk. With strong motivation, the expectation of success is usually higher than with weak motivation; in their activities, people with strong motivation put more effort and energy to succeed, they show a desire for success.

On the scales of the T. Elers questionnaire, the following statistically significant differences were obtained (in terms of averages). In the course of the study, differences were found in the degree of manifestation of the level of motivation for achieving success in the "right hemisphere" (n = 23) and "left hemispheric" (n = 22) subjects, who were 15.2 points and 18.6 points, respectively, the differences are significant (p < 0.05). Thus, the indicators of motivation of the first group correspond to the average level of motivation to achieve success (for the "right-hemisphere," n = 23) and a higher level of motivation for achieving success for the second group of figure skaters (for the "left-hemisphere", n = 22).

## *3.6.5.2 Test Eysenck (adolescent version)*

In the "right-hemisphere" skaters on the scale of "neuroticism-mental stability," this figure was 17.2 points, which corresponds to an increased level of neuroticism and indicates their higher emotionality. In the "left hemispheric" group, this indicator was 9.5 points, which corresponds to the normative indicators (p < 0.05). Differences in other scales between groups in this method were not identified.

### *3.6.5.3 The teenage version of the test R. Cattell (HSPQ )*

For HSPQ factors, data were obtained: the "left hemispheric" skaters (as opposed to the "right-hemispheric") showed a higher level of emotional stability (factor C, 4.4 and 6.3 stan, respectively, p < 0.05); these adolescents are more selfsufficient and less dependent on the group (factor Q2, 4.5 and 7.6 stan, respectively, p < 0.05); they also show a higher level of self-control or volitional qualities (factor Q3, 5.3 and 7.2 stan, respectively, p < 0.05).

Thus, after analyzing the data obtained, the following conclusions can be made: the indicators of motivation of the "right-hemisphere" group correspond to the average level of motivation for achieving success and a higher level of motivation for achieving group success ("left-hemisphere" adolescents, n = 22). Psychodiagnostic indicators of "right-hemispheric" skaters (n = 23) show higher neuroticism indicators in Eysenck's technique, which indicates their greater emotionality and lower level of neuropsychic stability, which indicates a lower resistance to stress. The "left hemisphere" skaters (n = 22) have a higher level of emotional stability (factor C in the HSPQ test); these adolescents are more selfsufficient and less dependent on the group (factor Q2); they also show a higher level of self-control (factor Q3 of the HSPQ test), which indicates a higher level of development of volitional regulation, in contrast to the "right-hemispheric" skaters (the identified differences are significant).

#### *3.6.6 Conclusion*

The indicators of the "right-hemispheric" and "left-hemispheric" teenage skaters have significant differences related to the individual characteristics of inter-hemispheric asymmetries. In adolescent athletes with dominance of the left hemisphere, links were found between hemispheric dominance and a tendency toward authoritarian behavior, the presence of a high level of motivation for success, a tendency to take risks and to rivalry, a higher level of organizational skills. In the activity of right-wing athletes, organizational skills are less pronounced, they are more focused on avoiding failures than on achieving success. It should also be noted that these features (the connection between a higher level of arbitrary regulation and the motivation to succeed)

**65**

considered in this article.)

*Interhemispheric Asymmetries and Individual Features of Regulatory Functions in Sport…*

are more clearly expressed in males; in women, these connections are not always

**3.7 Regulatory functions and Internet dependence persons for student higher** 

The problem of the regulation of the psyche is one of the main in modern psychology [2]. Deregulation is considered dependent forms of behavior (so-called addiction). Such manifestations as accentuation and psychopathization of a person in an unstable type are a pronounced manifestation of dependence and lack of independence. In clinical psychology, addictive behaviors are more studied on the example of chemical addicts (chronic alcoholism and drug addiction). Modern studies indicate a significant accumulation of signs of right-hemispheric partial

Recently, papers have emerged concerning the study of the characteristics of inter-hemispheric asymmetries in young Internet addicts. Analysis of behavioral reactions in groups of Internet addicts showed that dependent behavior is more typical of right hemisphere subjects and ambidexters. For groups with the right hemisphere specialization, the various parameters of addictive realization manifest themselves with a pronounced desire to violate the norms and social rules. Similar

The literature data show that the features of functional asymmetries and the individual characteristics of psychological time in Internet addicts are still little studied. To study the individual characteristics of psychological time in this category of persons, we conducted a study with students of a sports university.

A higher level of Internet addiction is associated with the predominance of right

To identify the possible connection of Internet addiction with the peculiarities of psychological time in a sample of young subjects (students of a sports university 18–17 years old, n = 100), the following psychodiagnostic methods were used:

1.Features of individual profiles of laterality, taking into account signs of partial

3.Features of time perception using the Zimbardo test (taking into account the availability of data on the individual features of the perception of time with different variants of the dominance of the right or left hemispheres) [2].

dominance according to A.R. Luria (test "Map of lateral signs") [2].

4.Individually psychological features using the test R. Cattell (form A).

(Other psychodiagnostic methods were used; however, these results are not

2.The severity of Internet addiction (Kulakov S. test, 2004).

hemisphere dominance, which also affects the specifics of temporal perception.

Thus, the hypothesis of the study that the motivational and volitional sphere of adolescent athletes is associated with the psycho-physiological features (individual hemispheric asymmetry) is fully confirmed; the goal of the study is achieved.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87066*

domination of chemical addicts [2].

data were obtained in our study [2].

so straightforward.

**education**

*3.7.1 Hypothesis*

*3.7.2 The technique*

*Interhemispheric Asymmetries and Individual Features of Regulatory Functions in Sport… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87066*

are more clearly expressed in males; in women, these connections are not always so straightforward.

Thus, the hypothesis of the study that the motivational and volitional sphere of adolescent athletes is associated with the psycho-physiological features (individual hemispheric asymmetry) is fully confirmed; the goal of the study is achieved.
