*3.7.1 Hypothesis*

*Sports, Health and Exercise Medicine*

of figure skaters (for the "left-hemisphere", n = 22).

*3.6.5.3 The teenage version of the test R. Cattell (HSPQ )*

Q3, 5.3 and 7.2 stan, respectively, p < 0.05).

(the identified differences are significant).

*3.6.5.2 Test Eysenck (adolescent version)*

not identified.

*3.6.6 Conclusion*

On the scales of the T. Elers questionnaire, the following statistically significant differences were obtained (in terms of averages). In the course of the study, differences were found in the degree of manifestation of the level of motivation for achieving success in the "right hemisphere" (n = 23) and "left hemispheric" (n = 22) subjects, who were 15.2 points and 18.6 points, respectively, the differences are significant (p < 0.05). Thus, the indicators of motivation of the first group correspond to the average level of motivation to achieve success (for the "right-hemisphere," n = 23) and a higher level of motivation for achieving success for the second group

In the "right-hemisphere" skaters on the scale of "neuroticism-mental stability," this figure was 17.2 points, which corresponds to an increased level of neuroticism and indicates their higher emotionality. In the "left hemispheric" group, this indicator was 9.5 points, which corresponds to the normative indicators (p < 0.05). Differences in other scales between groups in this method were

For HSPQ factors, data were obtained: the "left hemispheric" skaters (as opposed to the "right-hemispheric") showed a higher level of emotional stability (factor C, 4.4 and 6.3 stan, respectively, p < 0.05); these adolescents are more selfsufficient and less dependent on the group (factor Q2, 4.5 and 7.6 stan, respectively, p < 0.05); they also show a higher level of self-control or volitional qualities (factor

Thus, after analyzing the data obtained, the following conclusions can be made: the indicators of motivation of the "right-hemisphere" group correspond to the average level of motivation for achieving success and a higher level of motivation for achieving group success ("left-hemisphere" adolescents, n = 22). Psychodiagnostic indicators of "right-hemispheric" skaters (n = 23) show higher neuroticism indicators in Eysenck's technique, which indicates their greater emotionality and lower level of neuropsychic stability, which indicates a lower resistance to stress. The "left hemisphere" skaters (n = 22) have a higher level of emotional stability (factor C in the HSPQ test); these adolescents are more selfsufficient and less dependent on the group (factor Q2); they also show a higher level of self-control (factor Q3 of the HSPQ test), which indicates a higher level of development of volitional regulation, in contrast to the "right-hemispheric" skaters

The indicators of the "right-hemispheric" and "left-hemispheric" teenage skaters have significant differences related to the individual characteristics of inter-hemispheric asymmetries. In adolescent athletes with dominance of the left hemisphere, links were found between hemispheric dominance and a tendency toward authoritarian behavior, the presence of a high level of motivation for success, a tendency to take risks and to rivalry, a higher level of organizational skills. In the activity of right-wing athletes, organizational skills are less pronounced, they are more focused on avoiding failures than on achieving success. It should also be noted that these features (the connection between a higher level of arbitrary regulation and the motivation to succeed)

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A higher level of Internet addiction is associated with the predominance of right hemisphere dominance, which also affects the specifics of temporal perception.

#### *3.7.2 The technique*

To identify the possible connection of Internet addiction with the peculiarities of psychological time in a sample of young subjects (students of a sports university 18–17 years old, n = 100), the following psychodiagnostic methods were used:


(Other psychodiagnostic methods were used; however, these results are not considered in this article.)

#### *3.7.3 Sample*

Students from the 1–2 courses of the Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth, and Tourism of 17–18 years old acted as subjects; the sample size was 100 people.

#### *3.7.4 The results of the study*

Currently, the study is ongoing, the data obtained are preliminary. As a result of the use of factor analysis, nine factors were identified (factorization completeness was 90%).

The factor "Behavior normativity" suggests that students with a predominance of right laterality (left hemisphere) in the motor and analyzer fields tend to behave in accordance with generally accepted standards, are able to foresee the possible consequences of their actions, are motivated to achieve future goals, and are ready to sacrifice today's pleasures for the sake of future success are more disciplined. High rates were noted on the "Normativity of Behavior" scale (factor G) of the R. Kettell test and on the "Future" scale in the F. Zimbardo's "Time perspective" method.

On the contrary, subjects with a predominance of left laterality (right hemisphere) in the motor and analyzing spheres are subject to emotions, disagree with generally accepted moral norms and standards, ignore duties, can act antisocial, inconstant, changeable, careless, lazy, independent, subject to influence unprincipled, irresponsible, and unorganized. Indicators of time perception are more related to the orientation to the present and the past.

#### *3.7.5 Discussion*

The data obtained are generally consistent with the proposed hypothesis. Earlier in our works, manifestations of left hemispheric insufficiency in individuals with addictive behaviors have been identified, which explains the weakness of predictive and regulatory functions [2].

We found that patients with chronic alcoholism tend to rate time as more discrete, less stressful, and less pleasant (compared to healthy subjects). The temporal orientation of patients is characterized by a lesser connection with the present and a greater orientation toward the past. In patients with chronic alcoholism, an abnormal distribution of individual lateral profiles is also detected. The results of our study of drug addicts show that there are significant differences in the nature of temporal orientations between drug addicts and healthy subjects. Drug addicts are more centered on the past and the present; the future is less significant for them. At the same time, drug addicted individuals feel time as less stressful (stretched, slowly flowing, empty, and unorganized) and less emotionally pleasant compared to healthy subjects. Assessment of drug addiction time is less pleasant due to the greater connection of the right hemisphere with negative emotions. The predominance of right-hemispheric functions in drug addicts can be explained by experiencing time as less stressful, since the left hemisphere is associated with a higher level of activity, and the right hemisphere is associated with relaxation and relaxation. It has been established that left-hemispheric individuals are more inclined to underestimate and re-measure durations compared to right-hemispheric individuals who are more inclined to overestimate and under-measure time intervals [2].

S.L. Rubinstein wrote that one of the most important components of the structure of personality is its focus [23]. The amorphousness and vagueness of life goals and the absence of a specific orientation of the individual can be considered as the soil on which different states of dependence develop. It is noted that the lack of

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*Interhemispheric Asymmetries and Individual Features of Regulatory Functions in Sport…*

influence, often drop out of school or work, alcoholize, or use drugs.

volitional regulation and autonomy most often affects persons with an accentuation of the person of an unstable type who easily fall under someone else's negative

The research data testify to the weakness of regulatory processes in groups of Internet addicts and the accumulation of signs of right-brain partial domination in their sample. Thus, previously obtained data on the accumulation of signs of right-hemispheric domination in chemical addicts (in young people with manifestations of chronic alcoholism or drug addiction) [2, 24] can be extended to intensity addicts, which indicates the weakness of the functions of arbitrary regulation in them and says about the features of time perception in this sample. The stated results are preliminary (the main body of data is in the final stages of processing); however, they already indicate the presence of individual features of time perception in Internet addicts of a young age and can be used for differential

The obtained data allowed testing the methods of psychological and psychophysiological diagnosis of regulatory processes in sports. The research results confirm the prospects and productivity of the study of the problem of volitional regulation of athletes, taking into account the individual characteristics of interhemispheric asym-

The data show the presence of asymmetry of the third (regulatory) block of the brain according to A.R. Luria. This position is confirmed by the data of psychodiagnostic studies of adolescents and young men with different lateral features and coincides with previously established data that the partial dominance of the left frontal lobe (more often in males) is associated with higher rates of goal formation and volitional regulation. In general, the results of the research allowed to identify the preferential relationship of regulatory processes with the structures of the left frontal lobe (in men) and the strengthening of this connection (growth) as the

The presence of weakness in arbitrary functions of right-hemispheric Internet addicts also indirectly confirms the greater involvement of the left hemisphere in

The problem of individual features of voluntary regulation in female subjects remains unresolved, which may be associated with such a concept as "gestational dominant" (which provides the function of procreation), and which may have variable hemispheric localization. This requires further more in-depth research in this area.

The reported study was funded by RFBR (Russian Foundation for Basic Research), projects number 16-06-50146-a (f) and number 18-013-00856-a.

metry from the standpoint of differential sports psychophysiology [11].

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87066*

*3.7.6 Conclusion*

diagnosis [25].

**4. Conclusion**

brain structures mature and mature.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

the arbitrary regulation of behavior (mainly in males).

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

volitional regulation and autonomy most often affects persons with an accentuation of the person of an unstable type who easily fall under someone else's negative influence, often drop out of school or work, alcoholize, or use drugs.
