*3.4.4 Study results and discussion*

The test data generated by the Temporal Semantics Differentiation Test showed notable differences only on the Time Intensity scale, with the Right and Left AFTR Groups rated by 19.4 points and 14.5 points on average, respectively (p < 0.001).

It should be noted that the time perception and timed prospects are known to be closely correlated with the goal-setting ability. As provided by A.N. Leontiev, a goal plays a system-forming role when an activity is designed, as follows: "Goal-setting process provides a key impetus for one or another subject activity"; with the goalsetting (goal-constructing) notion being defined as the "subjective identification of the goal that means the nearest target outcome for the subject activity that drives it forward" [19]. Such notion as anticipation (meaning the ability to foresee/predict a sequence of events) also plays an important role in the time perception, with the anticipation development level being generally considered indicative of the manager's mental qualities on the whole.

The above findings were supported by the relevant intellectual test data including the Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPM, a nonverbal group test) and Cattell's Questionnaire data. The test results may be explained by the higher level dynamic characteristics of the thinking process in the male subjects tested with the Right AFTR by the Hands Crossing Test [2]. We believe that the finding gives us reasons to state that the male subjects tested with the Right AFTR by the Arms Folding Test are more rational, self-reliant, and independent, plus more stable in the behavioral models they opt for. The individuals tested with the Left AFTR by the Arms Folding Test showed lower rates on a few test scales, the rates being indicative of the higher emotionality, egocentrism, field-dependence, sensitivity to stresses, and lower stability of the chosen behavioral models. The study data and analyses also showed their higher developmental rates in verbal intelligence, emotional stability, domination, self-control, field-independence, anticipation ability, overall internality, and self-management ability (including the goalsetting ability).

Our study findings may be interpreted as indicative of the sport managers with dominating left frontal lobe being more inclined to perceive and rate time in a more intense manner and, hence, expected to show higher self-management, self-control, and anticipation rates, i.e., the qualities of high professional value for a sport manager.

#### *3.4.5 Conclusion*

The study data may be applied for the differentiation diagnostics in the human resource screening/selection process for the sport management positions and for the vocational orientation purposes.

**61**

*Interhemispheric Asymmetries and Individual Features of Regulatory Functions in Sport…*

**3.5 Study of individual peculiarities of regulation in young sportsmen of** 

One of our last studies concerned the study of the individual characteristics of arbitrary regulation on the example of students of a sports university, taking into account the signs of functional asymmetries. Individual differences were studied in young athletes with regard to partial asymmetries according to A.R. Luria. To identify the individual psychological characteristics, a study was conducted with the help of R. Cettel's personal questionnaire (HSPQ ); 45 teenagers 14–16 years old engaged in wrestling participated in the experiment. Of these, 25 subjects were with right-hand indicators of the "crossing hands" test according to A.R. Luria, which reflects the dominance of the left frontal divisions and 20 adolescents were with the left indicators of this test. The technique was also carried out on 110 students of 1–4 courses of a sports university at the age of 18–25 years (young men) also with different signs of asymmetry. It was revealed that the partial dominance of the left frontal lobe (both in adolescents and young men) is associated with higher indices of individual characteristics associated with volitional regulation.

The experiment was conducted in the form of group testing of two samples of subjects. To identify the individual psychological characteristics, a study was conducted using the personal questionnaire R. Kettell (adolescent version—HSPQ ) in which 45 adolescents 14–16 years old engaged in wrestling participated. Of these, 25 subjects were with right-hand indicators of the "crossing hands" test according to A.R. Luria [7], which reflects the dominance of the left frontal regions (related to the arbitrary regulation of behavior) and 20 adolescents were with the left indicators of this sample. The study was conducted on the basis of the sports school of the

A similar study was also conducted on 110 students of 1–4 courses of a sports university at the age of 18–25 years. For the study, the personal questionnaire was used by R. Kettel (Form A) and the indicators of the "cross-hand" test according to A.R. Luria. Thus, the total volume of the samples studied was 155 subjects. Statistical

data processing was performed using the U-Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.

Comparison of the averaged data of the personal questionnaire R. Kettell (adolescent version—HSPQ ) showed the following. According to factor E ("subordination—dominance"), higher values were noted in the group of adolescents with the right indicator of the "crossing of arms" sample—6.8 stan, in the group with the left indicator—5.2 (p < 0.05), which indicates about greater activity and leadership qualities of the subjects with the right indicators. The values for factor Q2 ("degree of group dependence") are higher in the group with the right symptom—6.6 stan, in the group with the left—4.3 (p < 0.03). The values for factor Q3 ("degree of selfcontrol") are higher in the group with the right symptom—6.2 stan, in the group

On the factors of the questionnaire R. Cattell (form A) were obtained the following results. According to the factor F ("expressiveness-restraint"), higher values

Department of Physical Culture and Sports of Moscow [21].

*3.5.3 The results of the study of students of sports universities*

*3.5.2 The results of the study of teenage athletes*

with the left—4.4 (p < 0.03).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87066*

**different ages**

*3.5.1 Methods of research*
