**2. Motives of training and sport routine highly qualified athletes of five-a-side blind football national sport team of Russia**

In recent decades, the sport of the blind in the world is developing at a rapid pace. In the Russian Federation, according to the All-Russian Register of Sports, the sport of the blind includes 203 sports disciplines in 9 sports included in the program of the Paralympic Games (cycling tandem, goal ball, judo, athletics, swimming, futsal, skiing, ski racing, biathlon) [1].

The number of sporting events, both international and national, is increasing annually, and the number of participants is growing. With close cooperation between the federations, state, and public organizations of the disabled, significant work is underway to develop various sports for the visually impaired. Experienced coaches train disabled athletes (hereinafter referred to as athletes) for the national teams of Russia and the Russian Paralympic team. Together with the Russian Ministry of Sports, national and international competitions of various levels are organized and held. Particular attention is paid to working with children from sponsored boarding schools who undergo rehabilitation in clubs and sections [2].

Moreover, according to the President of the Blind Sports Federation Abramova Lidia Pavlovna, there is a tendency in Russia to uneven development sports disciplines of the sport of the blind at the regional level. Five-a-side blind football did not pass this trend, despite the fact that, along with athletics, swimming and ski racing, it is the most popular sport among blind and visually impaired people [3, 4].

So, in Moscow, Moscow Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Mari El and the Republic of Tatarstan, the Khabarovsk Territory, much attention is paid to the development of 5 5 (B1) indoor football (blind sports) (hereinafter referred to as five-a-side blind football), then in other regions this is not observed. Today, problems associated with the training of qualified coaching personnel, the lack of a special methodology for training athletes and insufficient provision of scientific and methodological literature for the preparation of a sports reserve continue to remain unresolved [5, 6].

In this regard, for a more effective development of five-a-side blind football, it is necessary to resolve problems associated with the insufficient development of a scientifically based system for training coaches and athletes in this sport. It also requires refinement and improvement of the methodological content of the content of sports training programs, which should be based on many years of experience in training highly qualified Paralympic futsal players, players of the national team of the Russian Federation, demonstrating high results at international competitions in recent years. The sport of the highest achievements is associated with high social significance, a public assessment of successes and failures, publicity, interaction with the media. In stressful situations of competitive activity, under equal training conditions, when physical and mental stress reaches a critical value, the level of motivation and personal characteristics are crucial in achieving the result [7].

A highly qualified athlete enters into complex interactions and relationships with the chosen sport, which in turn presents special specific requirements for physical qualities, behavioral habits, personal characteristics, and his sports

*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

motivation. Therefore, it is so important for a high-class athlete, along with full compliance with the requirements of the sport, exceptional sports motivation, which will allow him to realize his potential, achieve high sports results, and become one of the best athletes in his country.

In parallel with this study, we carried out work on the study of the main motives for playing five-a-side blind football of qualified Italian football players [8].

Prerequisites for the work were the thesis based on scientific and methodological literature and coaching experience, according to which not all athletes who are gifted by nature achieve significant success. Therefore, the determination of the motivation features of highly qualified athletes can help the trainer not only in planning sports training with the optimal amount of training and competition load, but also in creating pedagogical conditions for implementing this training program.

Among the active domestic Russian researchers of motives, motives of sports activities in individual sports, issues of motivation in adaptive sports, A. A. Antonov, E. G. Babushkin, G. D. Babushkin, G. D. Gorbunov, G. B. Gorskaya, E. P. Ilyin, N. D. Ivanova, T. E. Kazakova, A. V. Korneva, M. A. Korneva, E. B. Kuzmin, A. S. Makhov, L. R. Makina, A. N. Nikolaev, E. A. Osokina, E. Yu. Pelikh, R. A. Piloyan, P. A. Rudik, O. M. Rumyantseva, O. G. Rysakova, A. V. Shaboltas, O. N. Stepanova, Zhabakov T. V., A. V. Zhalilov and E. G. Znamenskaya [2, 9–15].

Despite the great attention to sports motivation by scientists and experts in the field of physical culture and sports, an analysis of domestic Russian scientific literature showed that the motivation of high-class athletes has not been studied enough. Moreover, the study of the motives of sports activity of athletes in team types of adaptive sports was not carried out at all before.

#### **2.1 Research methods and organization**

The study of sports motivation of qualified Paralympic football players of the national team of the Russian Federation began with the definition of a list of motives for playing five-a-side blind football. Analysis and generalization of literary sources allowed us to form an expanded circle of motivation [2, 10, 14, 15], and interviewing and questioning existing athletes and coaches that are part of the country's youth and main Paralympic futsal team, allowed us to determine the list of motives of highly qualified athletes, included in the questionnaire for this study (**Table 1**).

Respondents were asked to indicate the degree (point) of importance of the proposed motives on a 10-point scale (1 point-minimum, 10 points-maximum). Moreover, depending on the degree of significance of the motive, expressed in points, the answers were divided into groups: 9–10 points: "extremely important", 7–8 points: "very important", 5–6 points: "pretty important", 3–4 points: "not very important", 1–2 points: "absolutely not important".

The questionnaire was conducted in June 2018 during the period in which the international friendly football tournament 5 5 (B1) (sport of the blind) was held in Silvi Marina (Italy). The study involved active athletes of the youth and main staff of the Russian national team. Football players represented three regions: Moscow, Moscow Region and the Republic of Mari El. In total, 13 respondents took part in the survey. The data obtained were statistically processed using the method of average values (calculations were performed using the standard Microsoft Excel for Windows software package).

#### **2.2 Results and its discussion**

Questioning of Russian highly qualified Paralympic futsal players showed that four motives are not significant and are classified in the category "Absolutely not

in the regions separately. The current methodological and used material is formal

**2. Motives of training and sport routine highly qualified athletes of**

In recent decades, the sport of the blind in the world is developing at a rapid pace. In the Russian Federation, according to the All-Russian Register of Sports, the sport of the blind includes 203 sports disciplines in 9 sports included in the program of the Paralympic Games (cycling tandem, goal ball, judo, athletics, swimming,

The number of sporting events, both international and national, is increasing annually, and the number of participants is growing. With close cooperation between the federations, state, and public organizations of the disabled, significant work is underway to develop various sports for the visually impaired. Experienced coaches train disabled athletes (hereinafter referred to as athletes) for the national teams of Russia and the Russian Paralympic team. Together with the Russian Ministry of Sports, national and international competitions of various levels are organized and held. Particular attention is paid to working with children from sponsored

Moreover, according to the President of the Blind Sports Federation Abramova Lidia Pavlovna, there is a tendency in Russia to uneven development sports disciplines of the sport of the blind at the regional level. Five-a-side blind football did not pass this trend, despite the fact that, along with athletics, swimming and ski racing, it is the most popular sport among blind and visually impaired people [3, 4]. So, in Moscow, Moscow Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Mari El and the Republic of Tatarstan, the Khabarovsk Territory, much attention is paid to the development of 5 5 (B1) indoor football (blind sports) (hereinafter referred to as five-a-side blind football), then in other regions this is not observed. Today, problems associated with the training of qualified coaching personnel, the lack of a special methodology for training athletes and insufficient provision of scientific and methodological literature for the preparation

In this regard, for a more effective development of five-a-side blind football, it is necessary to resolve problems associated with the insufficient development of a scientifically based system for training coaches and athletes in this sport. It also requires refinement and improvement of the methodological content of the content of sports training programs, which should be based on many years of experience in training highly qualified Paralympic futsal players, players of the national team of the Russian Federation, demonstrating high results at international competitions in recent years. The sport of the highest achievements is associated with high social significance, a public assessment of successes and failures, publicity, interaction with the media. In stressful situations of competitive activity, under equal training conditions, when physical and mental stress reaches a critical value, the level of motivation and personal characteristics are crucial in achieving the result [7]. A highly qualified athlete enters into complex interactions and relationships with the chosen sport, which in turn presents special specific requirements for physical qualities, behavioral habits, personal characteristics, and his sports

The study draws the attention of trainers and specialists about the need to apply a scientific and methodological approach to managing the training process not only in the preparation of high-class players of the national team, but also in the sports

and borrowed from other sports, often intended for healthy athletes.

**five-a-side blind football national sport team of Russia**

boarding schools who undergo rehabilitation in clubs and sections [2].

of a sports reserve continue to remain unresolved [5, 6].

**86**

reserve at earlier stages of preparation.

*Sports, Health and Exercise Medicine*

futsal, skiing, ski racing, biathlon) [1].

#### **Dear colleagues!**

10 Требования данного вида

и ценностям

13 Высокий престиж побед в

14 Спорт высших достижений способ материального и финансового обеспечения себя и своей семьи

15 Возможность попасть в состав национальной сборной и представлять свою страну на

> международных соревнованиях

совершенства

17 Чтобы после окончания

18 Чтобы получить

совершенствовать свои способности, нет предела

карьеры игрока попробовать себя в качестве тренера

специальность и стать спортивным чиновником для продвижения своего вида спорта, сделать его популярным

19 Потому что это красивый вид спорта

20 Чтобы иметь больше друзей и товарищей

21 Расширить свой кругозор и мировоззрение

22 Мне приятно, когда хвалит и одобряет тренер

23 Потому, что спортивный зал (спортивная база) близко

(а) от дома

24 Это такой вид спорта, где можно тренироваться индивидуально, независимо от

25 Желание быть среди лучших и выдающихся спортсменов

> спорта (мастером спорта международного класса)

26 Желание стать мастером

других

**89**

16 Стремление

11 Занимаюсь уже давно,

умею

12 Способствует

спорта понятны и близки моим внутренним убеждениям

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

привык, ничего другого не

организованности, в том числе и в повседневной жизни

крупных соревнованиях

The requirements of this sport are clear and close to my inner beliefs and values

*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football…*

I'm engaged in this activity for a long time. I got used to, and cannot do anything else

High prestige of victories in major competitions

The opportunity to join the national team and represent my country at international

The desire to improve my abilities, there is no limit to

To try myself as a coach after

To get a specialty and become a sports official to promote this sport, make it popular

Because this kind of sport is

To broaden my horizons and

I am pleased when the coach praises and approves me

Sports hall (sports facilities) is close to my house

This is a sport where you can train individually, regardless

Desire to be one of the best and outstanding athletes

Desire to become a master of sports (master of sports of international class)

To have more friends 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

very beautiful

outlook

of others

retiring as a player

Contributes to the organization, including everyday life

Sport of the highest achievements as a way of material and financial support for myself and my

family

competitions

perfection

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

The research group of state-financed institution of the Republic of Mari El "Sports-adaptive school of Paralympic reserve" (Yoshkar-Ola) and the Russian state social University (Moscow) addresses to you. Could you please answer the questionnaire?

#### **The questionnaire**

Please give us some information about yourself: your age is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Place of residence (country, city) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Below you can find a list of motives of qualified athletes to practice five-a-side blind football, evaluate the importance of each of them on a 10-point scale.



*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

**Dear colleagues!** The research group of state-financed institution of the Republic of Mari El "Sports-adaptive school of Paralympic reserve" (Yoshkar-Ola) and the Russian state social University (Moscow) addresses to you.

**The questionnaire**

Below you can find a list of motives of qualified athletes to practice five-a-side blind football, evaluate

**9–10 7–8 5–6 3–4 1–2**

Very important Quite important Not very

**athletes**

**Motives of qualified**

You are always in a state of physical or emotional stress

Your motive is achievement of success which is constantly supported by intermediate achievements: a goal, a victory, a medal

Develops character, mental and physical qualities

Improvement of personal qualities such as endurance, will, mutual assistance,

You like the process of sports training and its components: training, training camps, friendly games, control competitions, etc.

Approval and support from important people for me: relatives, friends, other close

A way to meet the need for new sensations, and the desire to prove that you are capable to do more

The opportunity to express yourself, your abilities, skills,

The ability to throw out emotions, relieve nervous and mental tension

personal qualities

patience

people

important

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

**Rate**

It does not matter

Could you please answer the questionnaire?

*Sports, Health and Exercise Medicine*

Extremely important

Write down the chosen rate **No Мотивы**

the importance of each of them on a 10-point scale.

**квалифицированных спортсменов**

состоянии физического или эмоционального напряжения

достижение успеха, которое постоянно подкрепляется промежуточными достижениями: гол, победа,

психические и физические

личностных качеств таких, как выдержка, воля, взаимопомощь, терпение

спортивной подготовки и её составляющие компоненты: тренировки, сборы, товарищеские игры, контрольные соревнования и

стороны значимых для меня людей: родственников, друзей, других близких людей

1 Постоянно находишься в

2 Мотивом является

медаль

3 Развивает характер,

качества

4 Совершенствование

5 Нравится сам процесс

т.д

6 Одобрение и поддержка со

7 Способ удовлетворения потребности в новых ощущениях, и стремление доказать, что способен на

большее

8 Возможность проявить себя,

9 Возможность выплеснуть

**88**

свои способности, умения, личностные качества

эмоции, снять нервное и психическое напряжение

Please give us some information about yourself: your age is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Place of residence (country, city) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.


#### **Table 1.**

*Questionnaire of highly qualified athletes involved in five-a-side blind football.*

important" (1–2 points). Three motives scored an equal low average (X) value: "To get a specialty and become a sports official to promote this sport, make it popular"; "Sports hall (sports facilities) is close to my house"; "I like when my relatives, friends support me and admire my achievements"—2.538. Also included in this

**Rank of**

**91**

**Questionnaire**

**Motives of qualified athletes**

**Average score,**

**Standard error,**

**Median, Me**

**Mode, Mo**

**Standard**

**deviation, σ**

**(points)**

**(points)**

**(points)**

**m (points)**

**X (points)**

**number**

**relevance**

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

7

 A way to meet the need for new sensations, and the desire to prove

that you are capable to do more

12

Contributes

 to the

organization,

 including everyday life

22

I am pleased when the coach praises and approves me

25

Desire to be one of the best and outstanding

26

Desire to become a master of sports (master of sports of

international

 class)

 athletes

6538 5846 5769 5692

0.38

6

5

1.38

0.52

6

5

1.88

0.72

5

5

2.61

0.78

7

5

2.82

8

 The opportunity

 to express yourself, your abilities, skills, personal

qualities

16

 The desire to improve my abilities, there is no limit to perfection

28

 It's nice to feel a sense of

39

 Desire to become the champion of the country, Europe, the world

and Paralympic

 games

accomplishment

 in front of teammates

 7615

 7538 7154 6692

0.80

7

10

2.87

0.32

7

8

1.14

0.38 0.62

8

10

2.22

8

8

1.39

3

Develops character, mental and physical qualities

4

Improvement

 of personal qualities such as endurance,

assistance, patience

15

The opportunity

 to join the national team and represent my

country at

international

competitions

 will, mutual

8385 8077 7846

0.82

10

10

2.94

0.33

8

8

1.19

*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football…*

0.31

8

8

1.12

13

High prestige of victories in major

2

Your motive is

supported by

intermediate

achievements:

 a goal, a victory, a medal

competitions

8769 8692

0.36

9

10

1.32

0.39

9

10

1.42

achievement

 of success which is constantly

33

It's nice to experience the joy of the victory

14

Sport of the highest financial support for myself and my family

achievements

 as a way of material and

9462 9000 8769

0.32

9

10

1.17

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

0.30

9

10

1.08

0.27

10

10

0.97


*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

important" (1–2 points). Three motives scored an equal low average (X) value: "To get a specialty and become a sports official to promote this sport, make it popular"; "Sports hall (sports facilities) is close to my house"; "I like when my relatives, friends support me and admire my achievements"—2.538. Also included in this

27 Семейная традиция, родители

28 Приятно испытывать чувство выполненного долга перед товарищами по команде

29 Приятно, когда спортсменов

30 Нравится присутствие на соревнованиях родственников, друзей, товарищей, которые болеют за меня и восхищаются достигнутыми успехами

31 Чтобы бросить дурные

улицы

(травмы)

33 Приятно испытывать радость побед

34 Считаю, что только в этом

36 Чтобы оправдать надежды, возлагаемые на меня тренером, родителями

> привлекательным для противоположного пола

38 Потому что занятия спортом повышают чувство собственного достоинства

39 Желание стать чемпионом страны, Европы, мира и Паралимпийских игр

40 Желание стать лидером, капитаном команды

**Table 1.**

**90**

37 Чтобы быть более

32 Чтобы быстрее

спортом

*Sports, Health and Exercise Medicine*

(брат или сестра) занимались

показывают по телевидению, когда о них говорят по радио, пишут в газетах и журналах

привычки, порвать с дурной компанией, отдалиться от

восстановиться после перенесенной болезни

виде спорта смогу достичь значительных успехов

35 Пригласил заниматься тренер My coach invited me to join

*Questionnaire of highly qualified athletes involved in five-a-side blind football.*

Family tradition, parents (brother or sister) are engaged in sports

It's nice to feel a sense of accomplishment in front of

It's nice when athletes are shown on television, when people talk about them on the radio, in newspapers and

I like when my relatives, friends support me and admire my achievements

To quit bad habits, break with bad company, move away from the street

To recover quickly from illness (injury)

It's nice to experience the joy

To live up to the hopes of my

To be more attractive to the

Because doing sports increases self-esteem

Desire to become the champion of the country, Europe, the world and Paralympic games

Desire to become a leader, a captain of the team

I believe that only in this sport I will be able to achieve

significant success

of the victory

the team

coach, parents

opposite sex

teammates

magazines

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


**Rank of**

**93**

**Questionnaire**

**Motives of qualified athletes**

**Average score,**

**Standard error,**

**Median, Me**

**Mode, Mo**

**Standard**

**deviation, σ**

**(points)**

**(points)**

**(points)**

**m (points)**

**X (points)**

3615 3615 3462 2923 2538 2538 2538

0.43

 *blind football from the point of view of athletes (according to*

2

1

1.56

*Motives of Training and Sport Routine Highly Qualified Athletes of 5-a-Side Blind Football*

*…*

0.40

3

1

1.45

0.62

2

1

2.22

0.45

3

1

1.61

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90900*

0.43

3

3

1.56

0.77

2

2

2.79

0.65

4

1

2.33

**number**

**relevance**

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 **Table 2.** *The results of*  *the results of the survey n = 13).*

*mathematical*

 *and statistical processing of data on the motives of highly qualified Russian players involved in five-a-side*

30

 I like when my relatives, friends support me and admire my

achievements

23

Sports hall (sports facilities) is close to my house

18

 To get a specialty and become a sports official to promote this

sport, make it popular

31

 To quit bad habits, break with bad company, move away from the

street

6

 Approval and support from important people for me: relatives,

friends, other close people

21

To broaden my horizons and outlook

17

To try myself as a coach after retiring as a player

#### *Sports, Health and Exercise Medicine*


#### *The results of mathematical and statistical processing of data on the motives of highly qualified Russian players involved in five-a-side blind football from the point of viewthe results of the survey n = 13).*

 *of athletes (according to*
