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**9** 

Dai Oyama

*Japan* 

*Fukushima University* 

**Role of X-Ray Crystallography in Structural** 

It is extremely important for chemists to establish the structure of new compounds. A more accurate understanding of the structure leads to the construction of appropriate reaction systems. For example, although the well-known platinum complex, [PtCl2(NH3)2], has two geometrical isomers (*cis* and *trans* in Fig. 1), only the *cis*-isomer (so-called cisplatin) exhibits

Characterization of most structures of simple organic compounds is usually carried out by various spectroscopic measurements including NMR, IR and MS. On the other hand, detailed structural characterization of coordination compounds is achieved by X-ray diffraction methods, which can provide not only information on the geometrical structures, but also full bond parameters. In particular, single crystal X-ray diffraction is the most powerful tool for the detailed structural analysis of crystalline coordination compounds. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate particular advantages of X-ray structural analysis when compared with other techniques on coordination compounds. Herein, X-ray analysis of a variety of mononuclear ruthenium complexes containing pyridyl substituents is mainly

Some isomeric pairs of [Ru(tpy)(L)Cl]*n*+ type complexes (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, L = asymmetrical pyridyl-based bidentate ligands in Fig. 2) have been prepared and structurally characterized as precatalysts to investigate the effect of isomeric structural features on the catalytic epoxidation process (Chowdhury et al., 2011; Dakkach et al., 2010). In the complex [Ru(tpy)(1)(OH2)]2+, the distal isomer exhibits better activity because it contains a pyridine

prominent antitumor activity (Reedijk, 1996; Rosenberg et al., 1969).

Fig. 1. Two geometrical isomers in [PtCl2(NH3)2].

**2. Coordination geometries and coordination modes** 

**1. Introduction** 

described.

**Studies of Pyridyl-Ruthenium Complexes** 

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