**5.2 Paediatric metabolic syndrome**

In parallel with increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, the prevalence of paediatric metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are also increasing. Insulin resistance has been clearly been implicated in pathogenesis of hypertension, coronary artery disease and polycystic ovarian syndrome [59]. A study from Shimla in Himachal Pradesh showed prevalence of metabolic syndrome in school children to be 3.3% with odds of having metabolic syndrome being significantly linked to male sex, higher family monthly income, sedentary lifestyle and snacking in the evening [60]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a study by Singh et al. in Chandigarh was 4.2%, and they did not find any difference between the sexes [61].
