We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists

5,200+ Open access books available

127,000+

International authors and editors

150M+

Downloads

156 Countries delivered to Our authors are among the

Top 1% most cited scientists

12.2%

Contributors from top 500 universities

Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI)

## Interested in publishing with us? Contact book.department@intechopen.com

Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com

## Meet the editors

Dr. Kamran Sartipi is a faculty member in the Department of Computer Science at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, and an adjunct faculty member in the Information Systems at McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Sartipi's education includes degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Computer Science and Software Engineering. His research activities are interdisciplinary including different aspects of

intelligent decision systems through behavior pattern extraction, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics. Dr. Sartipi has long-term expertise in data analytics, knowledge engineering, intelligent decision systems, and software engineering, including successful applications in medical informatics and cybersecurity. He has more than eighty scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He has international research collaborations and trained several Ph.D. and master's students in interdisciplinary fields.

Thierry Oscar Edoh is an affiliated researcher at the University of Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (Drug Regulatory Affairs Program); visiting associate lecturer at the Institute of Mathematics and Physics (IMSP), University Abomey-Calavi, Benin, Africa; and visiting lecturer at the University Institute of Technology (IUT), Benin, Africa. Previously, he was an affiliated researcher in the Department of Applied Software Engineering

at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. He received his diploma in Computer Sciences from the Technical University of Munich, Germany, and a Ph.D. in computer science from the German Federal Army University (Bundeswehr University), Munich, where he worked for several years on the improvement of rural health care provision and access to healthcare in developing countries using ITC systems. He has performed postdoctoral research works at the University of Bonn.

Contents

**Section 1**

*and Amir Hajjam El Hassani*

*Gianluca Rocchi and Luciano Ciucci*

*by Thierry Edoh*

in Italy

**Section 2**

Decision Support

*and Kristen Miller*

of a Long-Term Care Plan

*and George To Sum Ho*

**Preface XI**

Digital Technology for Healthcare Management **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 25**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 53**

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) **69**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 85**

Owning Attention: Applying Human Factors Principles to Support Clinical

An Intelligent Clinical Decision Support System for Assessing the Needs

*by Robin Littlejohn, Ronald Romero Barrientos, Christian Boxley* 

*by Paul Kai Yuet Siu, Valerie Tang, King Lun Choy, Hoi Yan Lam* 

*by Emmanuel Andrès, Nathalie Jeandidier, Samy Talha, Abrar-Ahmad Zulfiqar, Laurent Meyer, Noel Lorenzo Villalba, Thibault Bahougne, Mohamed Hajjam* 

Primary Health-Care Service Delivery and Accessibility in the Digital Age

Telemedicine Network in Pediatric Cardiology: The Case of Tuscany Region

*by Alessandro Taddei, Pierluigi Festa, Fabrizio Conforti, Giuseppe Santoro,* 

The Evolution of Elderly Telehealth and Health Informatics *by Joseph P. Lyons, Kimberly Watson and Angela Massacci*

Actual as well as Future Technologies and Noninvasive Devices for Optimal Management of Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Heart Failure

## Contents


#### **Chapter 7 99**

A Systematic Review of Knowledge Visualization Approaches Using Big Data Methodology for Clinical Decision Support *by Mehrdad Roham, Anait R. Gabrielyan and Norm Archer*

**Chapter 8 119** WASPSS: A Clinical Decision Support System for Antimicrobial Stewardship *by Bernardo Cánovas Segura, Antonio Morales, Jose M. Juarez, Manuel Campos and Francisco Palacios*

Preface

As the quality, applicability, and speed of digital systems in healthcare continue to increase, and as costs continue to decrease, a myriad of advances in healthcare applications continue to appear. The wide adoption of large and complex electronic health record (EHR) systems by healthcare institutions along with the vast amount of publicly available medical information through the Internet have significantly increased public expectations for higher quality healthcare. In addition, the overwhelming flow of information through a variety of sources causes distractions and challenging situations for care provisioning. Fortunately, recent advances in science and technology, high-performance computing platforms, and more attention to social aspects of computing can help the situation. This book addresses such issues through scientific and practical solutions and future research

The scope of digital systems in healthcare spans telemedicine, homecare provisioning, life-support systems, and public health management. The success of these systems is highly dependent on the targeted specialty, the systems' accuracy and usability, and quality of information. The use of proper information technology, user experience, computing power, and Internet access has been challenged in the design of such systems. Recently, the influence and success of machine learning science and technologies empowered by fast computing cores have provided new opportunities to develop decision systems that will improve usefulness through

This volume includes chapters that elaborate on the success of decision systems in different sectors of healthcare and medical domains and report on a number of these advances. In the first section on Digital Technology for Healthcare

Management, Chapter 1 by Lyons et al. reports on the implementation of a national home telehealth program by the US Veterans Health Administration, noted for its advanced use of digital systems to support veterans. In Chapter 2, Andrès et al. provide a review of technologies and non-invasive devices for optimal management of diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure, and related comorbidities. In Chapter 3, Edoh discusses primary healthcare service delivery and accessibility through digital technologies. Finally, in Chapter 4, Taddei et al. outline the telemedicine network for pediatric cardiology that is in use throughout thirteen hospitals located in the

In the second section on Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS), Chapter 5 by Littlejohn et al. addresses the need to use human factors engineering to improve CDSS human interfaces. In Chapter 6, Siu et al. report on an intelligent CDSS that helps care managers to develop plans for better quality care in-home and institutional elderly care. In Chapter 7, Roham et al. present a systematic review of big data visualization to support more informative user interactions with CDSS. The section ends with Chapter 8 in which Segura et al. describe a system that supports

pathways.

more adoption and retention.

Tuscany region in Italy.
