**13. Conclusion**

Birth defects or congenital anomalies are important cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. In developed countries successes were achieved in screening, treatment and prevention over the years. In Africa the picture is different as many factors play a role in causing congenital anomalies different from those seen in developed countries. In Africa factors such as poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, exposure to teratogens and poor environmental control play an important role. Screening, treatment and preventive services for congenital anomalies are poorly developed. To achieve control primary prevention should be established and strengthened and when this is achieved, then secondary and tertiary control should follow. Innovative strategies should be employed in this endeavor.

**Author details**

Kano, Nigeria

**211**

Labaran Dayyabu Aliyu

Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, College of Medicine Bayero University,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

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*Fetal Congenital Anomalies in Africa: Diagnostic and Management Challenges*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91994*

provided the original work is properly cited.

*Fetal Congenital Anomalies in Africa: Diagnostic and Management Challenges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91994*
