**3.3 Statistics**

Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean values standard deviation, variance...) was used to analyze the variables of clinical history and health status indexes in

*The Main Clinical Indicators of Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91333*


#### **Table 1.**

*Cardio-pulmonary exercise protocol (study protocol) in chronic respiratory patients.*

preliminary characteristics (age, gender, height, weight, BMI, patients, smoking, diabetic, hypertension, depression and crisis).

Differences between pre- and post-rehabilitation protocol in assessments of spirometry, skeletal muscle index (SMI), femur bone mineral density and ultrasound rectus femoris muscle in quadriceps, were analysed using t-Student of one sample T-test, independent sample T-test and paired sample T-test. Evaluation of correlation between rectus femoris phenotype parameters and femur bone mineral density indexes was done using Pearson correlation in bivariate method of SPSS.

In this study we received report analyzed from department of electrodiagnostic on rectus femoris muscle by ultrasound report and femur bone mineral density by DEXA scan that we used of these figures in assessments of rectus femoris phenotype and FBMD parameters.

We evaluated all of the variables analysis by SPSS version 21.0 software (SPSS Inc., 2012, Chicago, IL, USA) and Excel 2016 (office 2016) to be used for database. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

### **4. Results**

#### **4.1 Measurement preliminary characteristics and clinical history**

**Table 2** shows that, most of the patients had COPD and the prevalence was higher in men. We found significant changes in chronic respiratory patient's BMI


**Variables**

**39**

Arthritis Cardiovascular

Depression

Diabetic Hypertension

Crisis

**Table 2.** *Preliminary*

*characteristics*

 *and clinical history pre- and* 

*post-rehabilitation*

 *protocol at the study on P < 0.05.*

 disease

Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Pre-RHB

 High Middle

Low

 10

 3

 14

High Middle

50

36

7 26

Post-RHB

 High Middle

Low

 20

 52% *…*

 10

 26%

 3

7%

*The Main Clinical Indicators of Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease*

36

19

55

14

31

21

55

12

31

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91333*

21

65

12

21.1

25

36

**Frequency**

8

50

 **Valid Present (%)**

 **Mean SEM**

 **SD**

 **Variance**

 **Minimum**

 **Maximum**

**Percentile100**


**Table 2.** *Preliminary characteristics and clinical history pre- and post-rehabilitation protocol at the study on*

 *P < 0.05.*

*The Main Clinical Indicators of Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Disease… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91333*

from 30 1.06 (kg/m2 ) before the rehabilitation protocol to 29 1.00 (kg/m<sup>2</sup> ) after that and we also observed weight loss in all respiratory patients. Regarding the clinical history of patients, we can see that 42% of patients have a history of hospitalization and the average rate of smoking in all of them is 15 3.0 years. A remarkable point in this study, which is very important for respiratory patients, is the amount of oxygen consumed via O2 capsulate at home which significantly decreased special in COPD and obesity patients (from 30% to 14%) after the pulmonary rehabilitation protocol (**Figure 3**). **Table 2** also shows that 50% of the patients had knee arthritis, 21% cardiovascular disease, 31% depression, 31% diabetes, and 14% hypertension. Finally, the rate of respiratory crisis with high intensity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from 14% to 3% after the pulmonary rehabilitation. We observed that in all clinical and general health factors, chronic respiratory patients recovered, presenting improvement in general health and clinical conditions.
