Preface

This edited volume is a collection of reviewed and relevant research chapters concerning the developments within the Cosmetic Surgery field of study. The book includes scholarly contributions by various authors and it has been edited by a group of experts pertinent to medicine. Each contribution comes as a separate chapter complete in itself but directly related to the book's topics and objectives.

The book contains the following chapters: "Management of Nasal Silicone Granuloma", "Costal Cartilage Graft in Asian Rhinoplasty: Surgical Techniques", "Botulinum Toxin for the Face", "Combining Helium Plasma-Driven Radiofrequency with Nanofat for Contouring", and "Combining PDO Threads with Exosomes for Microlifting".

The target audience comprises scholars and specialists in the field.

**IntechOpen**

**1**

**Chapter 1**

*Ago Harlim*

**1. Introduction**

in the normal skin.

level (1709.21 ± 1851.72 μg/g) [2].

**Abstract**

Granuloma

Management of Nasal Silicone

The use of silicone as filler material has been banned by the FDA. Nevertheless, there are still some risks of using topical silicone, particularly cosmetic products that contain silicone. Bioavailability of silicone in skin tissues and long-term complications of silicone use in cosmetic products must be evaluated for safety reasons. Silicone can penetrate to the skin by injection. Because of economic issues and the rarity of medical grade silicone, various developing countries use industrial silicone, which results in even more complications. Patients with liquid silicone injected to their nose will usually visit a doctor after experiencing complication issues such as granuloma, edema, and redness with telangiectasia. Usually the patients want to remove the silicone and treat the complication. Unfortunately, silicone is difficult to be removed completely. Some complications are difficult to treat. To handle this complication issue, the doctor has to create a specific design of nose implant, perform curettage, or remove silicone and granuloma, and then a

Silicone injection has been used since 40 years ago, and at that time, many problems occurred such as migration, inflammation, and granuloma. In 1992, the FDA prohibited silicone injection for cosmetic use [1]. In addition to injection, silicone may be introduced into our body or skin through food intake and cosmetic. Silicone has been widely used in daily cosmetics. Nowadays, due to technology advances, topical drugs can pass through skin barrier and can be penetrated into the skin, which has become a great concern as it may induce granuloma formation. There are relatively very few studies that have been done on silicone concentration

A study conducted by Harlim in 2018 found that a normal skin contained silicon. The study was performed by taking skin samples from normal subjects and those with face-lift procedure and subsequently compared those samples using the same criteria with the control group, which included skin samples of subjects that had received silicone injection, and the study found granuloma formation. The study found an average amount of silicon level of 44.07 ± 75.86 μg/g in patients with normal skin, while in patients with granuloma, they found 38 times greater silicon

laser treatment and steroid injection will be performed.

**Keywords:** silicone, skin, topical, nasal implant, laser
