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## Meet the editors

John Kanayochukwu Nduka (PhD) is a member of the Pure and Industrial Chemistry Department of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria. He is the head researcher in the Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Unit and the immediate past head of department. Nduka is one of the most cited authors at Nnamdi Azikiwe University and a number of his papers are indexed in Scopus. He is involved in mentoring young academics at his

university and has participated in the National University (NUC) Accreditation of Chemistry Program in a number of Nigerian universities. He received the RULA Award from India for International Best Researcher of 2020 in Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology. He has attended local and international conferences/ workshops and delivered public lectures, sizeable numbers of international publications, and has been involved in postgraduate Vivas.

Prof. Mohamed Nageeb Rashed is Professor of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, and was previously Vice-Dean for Environmental Affairs, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Egypt. In 1989 he received his PhD in Analytical Environmental Chemistry from Assiut University, Egypt. His research interest is analytical and environmental chemistry with special emphasis on soil and water pollution monitoring, control, and treatment;

bioindicators for water pollution monitoring; wastewater impact; advanced oxidation treatment; photocatalysis, nanocatalysts, nanocomposites, and adsorption techniques in water and wastewater treatment. Prof. Rashed has supervised several MSc and PhD theses in the field of pollution and analytical and environmental chemistry. He was selected as an examiner for several PhD theses in analytical chemistry from India, Kazakhstan, and Botswana. Prof. Rashed has published about 90 scientific papers in peer-reviewed international journals. He participated as an invited speaker in 30 international conferences worldwide. Prof. Rashed acts as editor-in-chief and is an editorial board member for several international journals in the fields of chemistry and the environment. His society membership includes several national and international societies. Prof. Rashed was awarded the Egyptian State Award for Environmental Research for the year 2001.

Contents

**Section 1**

with Case Studies From Cyprus

Using Manganese Oxide-Coated Materials

*by Mustafa Ertan Akün*

*by Nesrine Boujelben*

*by Chanda Siddoo-Atwal*

*by Om Prakash Bansal*

Effects on Cell Cycle Events

*by Paul Seligman and Gamini Siriwardana*

Mercury Toxicity in Public Health

Tract Cancers

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Remediating Techniques **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 35**

Health Risks, Toxicological and Cellular Tissue Effects of Heavy Metals **49**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 63**

**Chapter 6 95**

**Chapter 7 129**

Environmental Toxic Heavy Metal Pollution and Possible

Heavy Metal Contamination and Remediation of Water and Soil

Sorption of Phosphorus, Nickel, and Lead from Aqueous Solution

A Role for Heavy Metal Toxicity and Air Pollution in Respiratory

*by Narjala Rama Jyothi and Nainar Abdulkhader Mohamed Farook*

Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Metals Contaminated Water

Toxicologic Characteristics of Nanodisperse Manganese Oxide: Physical-Chemical Properties, Biological Accumulation,

Intracellular Iron Concentration and Distribution Have Multiple

and Morphological-Functional Properties at Various Exposure Types *by Nina Vladimirovna Zaitseva and Marina Alexandrovna Zemlyanova*

### Contents


Preface

Heavy metals have become phenomenal globally. Although extracted from soil/rock as mineral deposits, they are applied industrially in the manufacture of both industrial and consumer goods, reagent chemicals, and engineering materials but are mostly applied in medicine and pharmaceuticals. There is yet no acceptable definition but the greatest problem with heavy metals is environmental

Environmental pollution occurs through the release of heavy metals

and organ failure may be attributed to exposure to heavy metals.

laboratory analyses should be executed and evaluated accordingly.

The chapter "Sorption of phosphorus, nickel and lead from aqueous solution using manganese oxides coated materials" looks at the rapid development of X-rays in industries such as plating, petrochemicals, and fertilizers, which has led to the discharge of contaminants like phosphorus and heavy metals into the environment.

Phosphorus is the key nutrient for the growth of algal and other biological organisms, which cause eutrophication. Methods to eliminate heavy metals from wastewater are chemical precipitation, electrochemical reduction, ion exchange, membrane separation, reverse osmosis, and adsorption. Adsorption involves batch experiments. Both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms give a fit to the experimental data for adsorption. To study surface properties of the adsorbents, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods and Brunauer– Emmett–Teller analyses are used. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations as well as the intraparticle diffusion model were determined to test adsorption kinetics and rate constants derived from the three kinetic models being calculated. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better appropriated.

The chapter "A role for heavy metal toxicity and air pollution in respiratory tract cancers" reviews cigarette smoke and the health problems it causes: associated lung, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers, which are connected to its cadmium

anthropogenically into water, farmland, and air, and eventually the food web.

Most metals are medically useful but in excess of the healthy limit cause health problems. The increase in non-communicable diseases such as cancer, renal disease,

The chapter "Heavy metal contamination and remediation of water and soil with case studies from Cyprus" examines the heavy metal contamination and remediation of water and soil using a case study. Sewage waters (municipal, agricultural, or industrial) and pesticides are heavy metal laden. Natural resources from the composition of rock formations are the area of study. Heavy metals are found in fruits and vegetables grown on contaminated soil and water and necessitate public health concern globally. Phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, and hydraulic control methods are also discussed. The author suggested that agricultural soil and water must be carefully investigated before agricultural activities and that acceptable sampling and

contamination, population exposure, and toxicity.
