**Water Resources Planning and Management**

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& E. Pelizzetti, Eds.), Wiley, New York

**10** 

*1Australia 2,3China* 

**Novel SPP Water Management** 

Shu-Qing Yang1, Bo-Qiang Qin2 and Pengzhi Lin3 *1School of Civil, Mining & Environmental Engineering,* 

*2Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Nanjing 3State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,* 

Clean freshwater is the most precious resource in the world and the development of water resources has had a very long history, as early as humans changed from being hunters and food collectors to modern civilization. At very early stage, people had to rely on creeks, rivers and lakes for their water demand that was relatively small, and today humans have accumulated the knowledge and techniques for water storage, building artificial lakes or reservoirs to meet their huge water demand due to industrialization and urbanization. The world's earliest large dam was the Sadd-el-kafara Dam built in Egypt between 2950 and 2690 B.C. Up to now, water from lakes and reservoirs is still the main source for people's water supply. However these large water bodies suffer two problems incurred by nature and human being, one is *sedimentation* and the other *water pollution*. Two of them jointly reduce the available amount of clean water and deteriorate the water quality. Consequently, approximate 1.1 billion people lack of safe drinking water and between 2 and 5 million people die annually from water-related disease (Gleick, 2004). It is understandable that with the population growth in the world, it is difficult to provide sufficient clean water to meet the demand; on the other hand, our natural systems are under pressure from drought (too little), floods (too much), pollution (too dirty), climate change, and other stresses. This

Within a generation, water demand in many countries is forecast to exceed supply by an estimated 40%. In other parts of the world prone to flooding, catastrophic floods normally

Currently, there are about 40,000 large reservoirs worldwide used for water supply, power generation, flood control, etc. The total sediment yield in the world is estimated to be 13.5×109 tonnes/a or 150tonnes/km2 and about 25% of this is transported into the seas and oceans and the rest 75% is trapped, retained and stored in the lakes, reservoirs and river systems (Batuca and Jordaan, 2000). Consequently the silting process is reducing the storage capacity of the world's reservoirs by more than 1% per year. As a result of sedimentation,

**1. Introduction** 

creates serious challenges for water management.

expected once a century could occur every 20 years instead.

**Strategy and Its Applications** 

*University of Wollongong, NSW2522,* 
