**Author details**

overcome the issue of budget constraints. From an economic perspective, it would be beneficial to patients and countries to treat patients with inexpensive drugs with

*Drug Repurposing - Hypothesis, Molecular Aspects and Therapeutic Applications*

After the appearance of TMZ, drug development for GBM has stagnated. A huge advance in the treatment of patients with GBM can be expected if effective drugs

Drug repositioning is a useful research strategy to identify the therapeutic agents for glioma. Here, we discuss the current drug repositioning and its perspective for glioma treatment. Despite many efforts to date, no agents are widely used in the current clinical practice. For breaking down the current situation, appropriate screening system, suitable animal model, well-designed clinical trials, and tight collaboration with pharmaceutical companies are warranted. From now on, the drastic progress in this field would be occurred by new methods including AI.

All authors declare no conflict of interests for this article.

expired patents.

**5. Conclusion**

**Conflict of interest**

2-FPA 2-fluoropalmitic acid AI artificial intelligence

ASA acetylsalicylic acid AT1R angiotensin I receptors

AT2 angiotensin II BBB blood-brain barrier BEV bevacizumab CHQ chloroquine

Cx43 connexin 43

DSF disulfiram

GBM glioblastoma

LEV levetiracetam

MGMT O6

**150**

AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase

CLIC1 chloride intracellular channel 1

ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase FDA Food and Drug Administration

GLI1 glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1


CNS central nervous system

D-2HG D-2-hydroxyglutarate

GDH glutamate dehydrogenase

HDACi histone deacetylase inhibitor IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase

GSC glioma stem-like cell GSK3 glycogen synthase kinase 3 HAT histone acetyltransferase HDAC histone deacetylase

**Abbreviations**

are identified via drug repurposing.

Sho Tamai<sup>1</sup> , Nozomi Hirai<sup>1</sup> , Shabierjiang Jiapaer<sup>1</sup> , Takuya Furuta<sup>2</sup> and Mitsutoshi Nakada<sup>1</sup> \*

1 Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

2 Department of Pathology, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan

\*Address all correspondence to: mnakada@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
