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## IntechOpen Book Series Veterinary Medicine and Science Volume 5

Catrin Rutland is an Associate Professor of Anatomy and Developmental Genetics at the University of Nottingham, UK. Catrin completed her degree, Masters, and then PhD (University of Derby, Technische Universität München and University of Nottingham), undertook post-doctoral research fellowship in the School of Medicine before accepting tenure in Veterinary Medicine and Science. She has also achieved her MMedSci (Medical Education) and PGC-

HE. Catrin is an author of 43 peer-reviewed journal articles, 11 books/book chapters, and 93 research abstracts. She is a board member of the European Association of Veterinary Anatomists, Fellow of the Anatomical Society, Fellow of the Galton Institute, and Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. She has also written popular science books for the public. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4898. Website https:// www.nottingham.ac.uk/vet/people/catrin.rutland

Albert A. Rizvanov is a Professor and Director of the Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine at the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University (KFU), Russia. He is the Head of the Center of Excellence "Regenerative Medicine" and Vice-Director of Strategic Academic Unit "Translational 7P Medicine". Albert completed his Ph.D. at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA and Dr.Sci. at KFU. He is a corresponding member of the

Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation. Albert is an author of more than 300 peer-reviewed journal articles and 22 patents. He has supervised 11 Ph.D. and 2 Dr.Sci. dissertations. Albert is the Head of the Dissertation Committee on Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Genetics at KFU. ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-5739

Website https://kpfu.ru/Albert.Rizvanov?p\_lang=2

**Editors of Volume 5: Dr Catrin Sian Rutland** University of Nottingham, UK

**Professor Albert Rizvanov** Kazan Federal University, Russia

#### **Book Series Editor: Rita Payan-Carreira** University of Évora, Portugal

### Scope of the Series

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

in the Mare

*by David A. Trundell*

*and Catrin Sian Rutland*

Targets for Cartilage Health

*by Sinan Kandir*

*by Jasmine Dum-Tragut*

Medieval Equine Medicine from Armenia

Tendinitis and Desmitis in Horses

*Catrin Sian Rutland and Albert Rizvanov*

**Preface XI**

Medieval Medicine to Gene Therapy **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

**Chapter 3 27**

Reproduction, Locomotion and Skin **51**

**Chapter 4 53**

**Chapter 5 71**

**Chapter 6 91**

Gene Therapy as a Modern Method of Treating Naturally Occurring

*by Rachael Levings, Andrew Smith, Padraic P. Levings, Glyn D. Palmer,* 

*by Elena Zakirova, Kovac Milomir, Margarita Zhuravleva,* 

Gene Therapy for the Treatment of Equine Osteoarthritis

*Anthony Dacanay, Patrick Colahan and Steven C. Ghivizzani*

Equine Reproduction: Seasonality, Endometritis, and Twinning

Investigation into Whether Proximal Suspensory Desmitis of the

ADAMTS Proteases: Potential Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic

*by Anne Skivington, Milomir Kovac, Elena Zakirova, Albert A. Rizvanov* 

Hindlimb Could Predispose Horses to Sacroiliac Disease

Paralleling similar advances in the medical field, astounding advances occurred in the Veterinary Medicine and Science in recent decades, fostering a better support to animal health and more humane animal production, a better understanding of the physiology of endangered species, to improve the assisted reproductive technologies or the pathogenesis of certain diseases, where animals can be used as models for human diseases (like cancer, degenerative diseases or fertility), and even as a guarantee of public health. Bridging the Human, Animal and Environmental health, the holistic and integrative "One Health" concept intimately associates the developments within those fields, projecting its advancements into practice. This book series aims to tackle a variety of fields in the animal-related medicine and sciences, providing thematic volumes, high quality and significance in the field, directed to researchers and postgraduates. It aims to give us a glimpse into the new accomplishments in the Veterinary Medicine and Science field. By addressing hot topics in veterinary sciences, we aim to gather authoritative texts within each issue of this series, providing in-depth overviews and analysis for graduates, academics and practitioners and foreseeing a deeper understanding of the subject. Forthcoming texts, written and edited by experienced researchers from both industry and academia, will also discuss scientific challenges faced today in Veterinary Medicine and Science. In brief, we hope that books in this series will provide accessible references for those interested or working in this field and encourage learning in a range of different topics.

## Contents



Preface

Understanding equine medicine, anatomy, physiology, nutrition, and behaviors is essential for horse and donkey welfare. This book contains both literature reviews and recent research into topics ranging from reproduction and locomotion through to ancient and modern treatments. The book investigates both healthy and pathological conditions at differing stages of life. The importance of each cell and tissue through to the whole organism is explored alongside the methodologies used to

As editors, we are both practicing gene therapy, anatomy, and physiology researchers and teachers, therefore we have strived to ensure that every chapter is accessible to everyone. Whether you are a veterinary professional, student, researcher, animal owner, or simply have an interest in horses and donkeys, we

The 'Medieval Medicine to Gene Therapy' section starts with an interesting chapter showing strategies used in Armenia, where East meets West in both traditions and medicines. This fascinating chapter bridges science and history, kings and physicians, to guide the reader through a topic rarely written about. The next two chapters show the brilliant advances being made in gene therapy used to treat lameness caused by tendinitis, desmitis, and osteoarthritis. These techniques rely on knowledge of not only how and why genes and proteins are expressed, but also on the best methods to introduce gene therapies and then the effects on healing, the

The next section concentrates on 'Reproduction, Locomotion, and Skin'. The first chapter reviews seasonality and the effect of photoperiod on mares, shows improvements in reproductive efficiency in mares, and also explores endometritis and twin pregnancies. The next chapter looks at proximal suspensory desmitis of the hindlimb and whether this can predispose horses to sacroiliac disease. By asking owners and bringing together published evidence and information, the authors cover both disorders. The next chapter investigates cartilage health, looking in detail at potential biomarkers for diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets, concentrating on equine joints and lameness causing issues. The final chapter delves into equine sarcoid, which is the most common skin neoplasia in the horse and also affects other equids. This chapter describes what equine sarcoid is, how and why it presents and

develops, clinical and pathological diagnosis, and potential treatments.

The final section covers the digestive system, diet, and finishes with a chapter on behavior. The first chapter covers the gastrointestinal system, looking at decades of experiences diagnosing and treating horses with postoperative ileus using different methods. It explores the difficulties, outcomes, and makes recommendations based not only on a large study but also on the published literature. Continuing the theme, a morphophysiological study of the gastrointestinal tract of the donkey is presented. Although the donkey is very similar to the horse, the chapter highlights the key attributes of the digestive system in the donkey, bringing together the vast literature on the subject into one chapter. Following information on the digestive system, it

hope you will find a number of interesting chapters in this book.

understand these vital structures and functions.

cells, tissues, and the whole animal.
