**6.5 Surgery**

Thyroid surgery is oldest available treatment for hyperthyroidism and it's a definitive treatment for the illness. Being an invasive treatment and also associated complications, its least preferred now a days, but indications for the treatment include: (1) patients preference; (2) large size goitres which are causing compressive symptoms or for cosmetic reasons; (3) Graves' disease super imposed on endemic goitre with multiple cold nodules; (4) suspicion of malignancy; and (5) associated with ophthalmopathy.
