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## Meet the editors

Jesmine Khan is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia as an Associated Professor. She obtained her MBBS degree from Mymensingh Medical College, Dhaka University, Bangladesh. She has special interest in nutrition and acquired her PhD degree in surgical nutrition from Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan. She has vast experience in teaching at home and abroad.

She is active in writing, has published numerous articles in scientific journals, works as an editorial board member and reviewer of academic journals and is involved in nutrition related research and activities.

Dr. Po-Shiuan Hsieh is currently a Professor and Director at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center in Taiwan. His research interests focus on obesity and weight control as well as the pathological links between obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, especially the causal links between the major characteristics of metabolic syndrome, the role of inflammation in the development of insulin resistance

and impairment of pancreatic insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes; the involvement of hepatic inflammation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes; and the potential therapeutic application in prevention and treatment of metabolic syndromes and diabetes. He has served as the President of the Chinese Physiology Society from 2012 to 2016. He is also the editor-in-chief of two international journals: Chinese Journal of Physiology (SCI) and Journal of Medical Science.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

*by Yuan Lu*

**Section 3**

*by Avital Schurr*

*and Karina Elgueta*

*by Gaffar S. Zaman*

Metabolic Syndrome

*by Suzanne Fouad Soliman*

**Section 4**

Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

*by Armindo Miguel de Jesus Sousa de Araújo Ribeiro*

Metabolic Syndrome: Impact of Dietary Therapy

*by Po-Shiuan Hsieh*

**Preface XI**

Introductory Section **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Energy Metabolism **7**

**Chapter 2 9**

**Chapter 3 31**

Diabetes Mellitus **49**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 71**

Metabolic Syndrome **91**

**Chapter 6 93**

**Chapter 7 111**

Cerebral Energy Metabolism: Measuring and Understanding Its Rate

Diabetes Mellitus: A Group of Genetic-Based Metabolic Diseases *by Lilian Sanhueza, Pilar Durruty, Cecilia Vargas, Paulina Vignolo* 

Prologue: Energy Metabolism and Weight Control

Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism

### Contents



Preface

Cellular metabolism is the process within the cells by which food and nutrients are converted into energy. Metabolic processes in the cells must be under strict regulation to maintain homeostasis in the body. There are multiple levels of metabolic regulation in the body. For effective metabolism, different enzymes,

Any disorder of metabolism, either due to imbalance of the regulating enzymes or the hormones, is characterized by the inability to properly utilize and/or store energy. Metabolic disorders affect the ability of the cells to perform critical biochemical reactions that involve the processing or transport of carbohydrates (sugars and starches), proteins (amino acids), or lipids (fatty acids). Disorders of metabolism can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital metabolic disorders are usually due to mutation of genes resulting in deficiency or absence of particular

enzymes. Acquired disorders are usually complex and both genes as well as

The objective of this book was to collect and compile articles on the metabolism of fuels in the brown adipose tissue and brain as well as updates on several disorders of metabolism ranging from diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hypothyroidism, and metabolic syndrome to some congenital disorders such as glycogen storage disease

This book is divided into nine sections. The Introductory section includes the prologue entitled energy metabolism and weight control by Prof. Hsieh Po-Shiuan.

The second section, 'Energy Metabolism', includes two chapters. The first chapter, 'Brown Adipose Tissue Energy Metabolism', is written by Prof. Lu Yuan. This chapter describes the mechanism underlying brown fat energy metabolism and the therapeutic potential in metabolic disorders, especially obesity-related metabolic

The second chapter, 'Cerebral Energy Metabolism: Measuring and Understanding its Rate', by Avital Schurr summarizes the history of the science behind the current knowledge of the biochemical processes responsible for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the brain. It also briefly reviews the various techniques used to measure cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and glucose, two of the substrates involved in ATP production and elaborates on the potential of measuring the cerebral metabolic rate of lactate to improve understanding of brain

The third section, 'Diabetes Mellitus', includes the chapter entitled 'Diabetes

Mellitus: A Group of Genetic-based Metabolic Diseases' written by Lilian Sanhueza. This chapter discusses the overall picture of different types of diabetes mellitus including the main clinical presentations with the proven genetic basis. In this chapter, emphasis is given to the candidate genes for Diabetes Mellitus type 1

coenzymes, and hormones are required.

environmental factors are responsible for them.

and urea cycle disorder.

diseases.

energy metabolism.
