**4. Clinical applications**

Hypnosis is performed to relieve pain in abdominal, breast, cardiac, genitourinary and orthopedic surgery. Hypnosis is a powerful means of altering pain, anxiety, and various somatic functions, and recovering forgotten incidents. Hypnosis is found efficient in cancer care even in bone cancer, leukemia, and lymphoma, specifically focused on treatment-induced and conditioned anticipatory nausea/vomiting, pain, anxiety/distress, and hot flashes to manage cancer-related pain, anxiety, fear, lack of appetite. Potential method to manage side effects associated with cancer and cancer treatment.

**7**

*Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Emerging of Science-Based Hypnosis*

Patients receiving local anesthetic plus hypnosis experience less anticipatory procedure-related anxiety, and demonstrate less behavioral distress. Hypnosisbased interventions for cancer pain have significant pain reduction, especially when used in combination with other psychosocial-behavioral techniques and supportive-group therapy. Beneficial effects of hypnosis to treat anxiety and distress among cancer patients remained for at least 3 months' post-intervention, without any adverse effect, relative to an educational intervention controlling the effects of time, therapist attention, and participation from pediatric to geriatric patients, among both sexes. Hypnosis delivered by a therapist is found more effective than self-hypnosis. Self-hypnosis training represents a rapid, cost-effective, nonaddictive, safe and efficacious treatment for anxiety prior to tests, surgery and medical procedures and anxiety-related disorders and psychological disorders such as stress, ego strengthening, unipolar depression, smoking cessation, weight loss, and rehabilitation. The hypnotic intervention is twice less expensive than the standard

Hypnotic suggestibility relies on different cognitive processes. Sensory Suggestibility requires the ability to imagine a non-existent, but suggested, sensation. Methods that do not rely on trance, but heighten suggestibility are reflex conditioning, abstract conditioning, repetitive sensory stimulation, use of

• primary suggestibility, direct suggestions for facilitation and inhibition of

• tertiary suggestibility, attitude changes in response to persuasive

• secondary suggestibility, implied suggestions for sensory/perceptual changes;

• interrogative suggestibility, occurs following misleading post-event information;

Posthypnotic suggestion: the subject takes the posthypnotic suggestion as a conscious act and continues responding to suggestions delivered in hypnosis even after the termination of hypnosis. The subject can receive and carry out posthypnotic suggestions. Periodic reinforcement makes the posthypnotic suggestions more effective because the behavior is experienced automatically without involvement of

**Hallucination:** "hallucination" is a vivid visual ideosensory response, experiencing something that is not actually happening but feeling as it were happening. Hallucination can be used for aversion therapy, to stop a habit such as smoking, nail biting etc. The person can hallucinate any of the senses. When the subject perceives

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94089*

sedation procedure [28–32].

**5.1 Suggestion phenomena**

• Suggestibility,

motor activity,

communications;

or placebo response.

executive awareness of this activity.

**5.2 Ideosensory response phenomena**

**5. Hypnosis associated phenomena**

imagination, and misdirection of attention.

*Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Emerging of Science-Based Hypnosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94089*

Patients receiving local anesthetic plus hypnosis experience less anticipatory procedure-related anxiety, and demonstrate less behavioral distress. Hypnosisbased interventions for cancer pain have significant pain reduction, especially when used in combination with other psychosocial-behavioral techniques and supportive-group therapy. Beneficial effects of hypnosis to treat anxiety and distress among cancer patients remained for at least 3 months' post-intervention, without any adverse effect, relative to an educational intervention controlling the effects of time, therapist attention, and participation from pediatric to geriatric patients, among both sexes. Hypnosis delivered by a therapist is found more effective than self-hypnosis. Self-hypnosis training represents a rapid, cost-effective, nonaddictive, safe and efficacious treatment for anxiety prior to tests, surgery and medical procedures and anxiety-related disorders and psychological disorders such as stress, ego strengthening, unipolar depression, smoking cessation, weight loss, and rehabilitation. The hypnotic intervention is twice less expensive than the standard sedation procedure [28–32].
