*6.1.2 Dissociated-experience theory*

High hypnotizables respond voluntarily dissociated from conscious awareness. *The school of* Gerald Brassine *of Belgium has considered hypnosis not only a question of words nor the result of suggestion, but the product of the use of imagery or memories of the person, having a lot of implicit consequences and practical attitudes in the practice, and being natural product of many different things including choc (trauma) days dreaming and psychotherapeutic hypnosis. The hypnotic relationship would develop more easily if the therapist demonstrates that the patient is the only " producer" of this state. In such an equal relationship, the hypnotist becomes a facilitator helping the patient to develop a state of trance, but he/she can reject or come out of it anytime if he/she does not want. This comprehension would facilitate a deep state of hypnosis during which the patient feels as " the boss" of the hypnotic situation, in which he/she does not lose but gains control of his/her emotions and sensations on his/her autonomous nervous system (a psychosomatic control over extremely painful diseases) with the help or assistance of the hypnotist in a cooperative venture. If the therapist understands and acts on this principle at all time, and explains and offers to the patient the knowledge that he/she can produce this phenomenon, the patient would be much more eager to try the proposed possibilities (all classical hypnotic phenomena) and this type of therapist would be much more efficient than any other who just believes that his/her speaking (use of word) and techniques are responsible for the trance of the patient. (It is not far from the Mesmerian conception of animal magnetism or later hypnosis considered as the fruit of the genius suggestions of a therapist). In practice, the emphasis should be on what the patient does and says and not what the therapist says and does.*

*In the school of* Gerald Brassine *of Belgium, the thought and practice of PTR (Psychotherapie du Trauma Réassociative) is willing to bring the patient in a state of hypnosis by using what is called utilizational hypnosis. It means that the therapist eases the patient to develop and use a trance state in a constant exchange. This comprehension or conceptualization of hypnosis (the result of the use of memory or imaginative capacities) is building an equalitarian form of relationship in which the patient* 

**11**

suggestions.

hypnotic response:

*Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Emerging of Science-Based Hypnosis*

*controls his/her sensations and emotions and the therapist supports and indicates to the patient the possibilities of work while keeping in mind that the patient might probably have better ideas on how to solve his/her difficulties. This is called the production of PAAT (in French: Processus Autonomes Auto-Therapeutiques (more or less in English:* 

Another idea could be the use of the protective dissociations in a concept that implies that the natural apparition of hypnotic phenomena during traumas can be fixed as dissociative reactions turned into symptoms, which can be paradoxically utilized by the therapist to facilitate their eradication as "mental or psychic anesthetics." Directly derived from the concept that hypnosis is not a result of suggestion, this method brings an incredible opportunity to treat the patients rapidly and comfortably in the situation of extreme sufferings and in the treatment of psycho-

High and low hypnotizables are characterized by changes in brain function.

Hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness. Attitudes, beliefs, imaginings, attributions and expectancies form hypnotic experience and outcome depending of the interpretation of the suggestions without active planning and effort. The sociocognitive behavioral model is used together with contemporary cognitivebehavioral psychotherapies focusing the effects of thoughts, beliefs, and imaginings

Proposes that subjects have generalized response expectancy in a hypnotic situation and follow the hypnotists's instructions and experience involuntary behaviors attributable to external causes (the hypnotist). Two social factors associated with response to hypnosis: rapport ("therapeutic alliance," "resonance," and "harmony,")

**Cold control theory** proposes that the central feature of hypnotic responding is

Proposes that involuntariness is an attribute to the causes of behavior and

**An ability-aptitude model** considers two factors as the influencing cause of

**6.3 Integrative/middle-way/neither-one-nor-the-other theories**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94089*

*Autonomous (Self*?*) Auto-therapeutic Processes).*

*6.1.3 Gruzelier's neurophysiological theory*

somatic diseases [36].

**6.2 Non-state theories**

on behavior and emotion.

*6.2.2 Kirsch's response expectancy theory*

and social context are taken in account.

the involuntariness in an actual intentional action.

*6.3.1 Brown and Oakley's integrative cognitive theory*

1. a latent cognitive ability for hypnotic response

2.the subject's beliefs about his/her hypnotic response

*6.2.1 Spanos' socio-cognitive theory*

*Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Emerging of Science-Based Hypnosis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94089*

*controls his/her sensations and emotions and the therapist supports and indicates to the patient the possibilities of work while keeping in mind that the patient might probably have better ideas on how to solve his/her difficulties. This is called the production of PAAT (in French: Processus Autonomes Auto-Therapeutiques (more or less in English: Autonomous (Self*?*) Auto-therapeutic Processes).*

Another idea could be the use of the protective dissociations in a concept that implies that the natural apparition of hypnotic phenomena during traumas can be fixed as dissociative reactions turned into symptoms, which can be paradoxically utilized by the therapist to facilitate their eradication as "mental or psychic anesthetics." Directly derived from the concept that hypnosis is not a result of suggestion, this method brings an incredible opportunity to treat the patients rapidly and comfortably in the situation of extreme sufferings and in the treatment of psychosomatic diseases [36].
