*6.3.1 Brown and Oakley's integrative cognitive theory*

Proposes that involuntariness is an attribute to the causes of behavior and suggestions.

**An ability-aptitude model** considers two factors as the influencing cause of hypnotic response:

1. a latent cognitive ability for hypnotic response

2.the subject's beliefs about his/her hypnotic response


#### **Table 1.**

*State and non-state theories [37].*

#### **Table 2.**

*Illustration of Hilgard's neodissociation theory of hypnosis [38].*

**The social-psychobiological or biopsychosocial model of hypnosis** emphasizes the interaction of the hypnotist and the subject, considering their personal characteristics and physiological mechanisms and the contributing role of biological, psychological, and social factors. Hypnotic depth integrates the behavioral aspect (the role of the subject), the phenomenological component (the subjective feeling of trance), and an emotional dimension.

**The empathic involvement theory (EIT) of hypnosis** proposes a bridging of two incongruent neo dissociative versus socio-cognitive theories of hypnosis. Nonempathic individuals benefit less from hypnosis (**Tables 1**–**3**) [39–42].
