**2.1 Traditional hypnosis**

*Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis*

meditators in one group and highly hypnotizables in the other. Directly, the two studies cannot be compared as they analyzed the data differently; however, both deep self-hypnosis and meditation were associated with alterations in self-awareness, state of awareness, perception, time sense and meaning with changes in imagery, rationality, and vividness due to elevation on Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), and both processes were accompanied with feelings of love and joy [11].

Comparing the PCI results for medium and deep absorptions (levels 1–2 vs. 3–4) described in Buddhist texts [22] with medium and deep levels of hypnosis [17] are other ways of similarities elaborations. Whether it is hypnosis or meditation, experience tends to be more vivid at medium levels and more aplomb at deep levels [11].

The difference between meditation and hypnosis has to do largely with expectancies and goals, and their relative emphasis on mindfulness (meditation) or

Specific outcomes such as symptom removal are the basic interest for people seeking hypnosis, whereas, meditators' interest has to do with long-term goals having to do with insight, serenity, and enlightenment or spiritual liberation. Meditation is a solo experience, while hypnosis usually calls for two people except in self-hypnosis. Meditators spend years expectedly in developing their skill, it is however amazing to some patients if the hypnotist tells them that it will require more than one hypnosis session for their cure. Meditation involves daily practice for 20 minutes to an hour, then proceeding for a retreat where 10–15 hours of daily

Meditators expect to see reality without bias through their "pure bright aware-

ness" rather than suggestibility. People using hypnosis expect suggestibility, believing that the hypnotist will be able to change their perception and motivation profoundly by giving suggestion after entering an altered state; that is, they will not

Although hypnosis and hypnotherapy are words that are used rather interchangeably, the two words are not the same. Hypnosis is more a state of mind while hypnotherapy is the name of the therapeutic version in which hypnosis is used [23].

There are various types of hypnosis; however, the two distinct forms of hypnotherapy taught are the traditional, often referred to as, script-based approach, and the modern Ericksonian approach. They are sometimes better known as the direct or authoritative hypnosis and indirect or permissive hypnosis, respectively. The modern approaches are considered to be the conventional ways of inducing or

*1.1.5 Differences between hypnosis and concentrative meditation*

practice for several weeks or months is observed [11].

**1.2 The difference between hypnosis and hypnotherapy**

**2. Traditional versus modern hypnosis**

suggestion (hypnosis) as well [11].

*1.1.6 Practices and goals*

*1.1.7 Expectancy*

want a cigarette or feel pain [11].

**24**

achieving hypnosis.

Is the most widely used basic form of hypnosis due to the belief that anyone can do it with very little instruction and training. Traditional hypnosis is believed to be the easiest form of hypnosis, it relies on simple suggestions and commands. Traditional hypnosis uses direct commands and suggestions to influence a person's feelings, thoughts, behaviors, and actions once the subject is in a hypnotic state. Traditional hypnosis will only work on people who are easy to follow orders, the hypnotist will need to know whether the patient is critical or not before the hypnotic session begins [3]. Often, it is not considered entirely effective for people that have analytical and critical thought processes. Commands and suggestions are usually interfered by the conscious mind; the critique nature of the conscious mind does not allow messages to be fully absorbed by the subconscious [3]. Traditional hypnosis is also the basis for stage hypnotism, which is popular in today's culture among partygoers and comedy club attendees [3].

Despite being largely unchanged as a directive approach since the 1930s, traditional hypnosis is still the dominant approach taught in countries like Australia [3].

The hypnotist will ask you to close your eyes, relax and forget everything in your mind in a traditional hypnotic approach. Once you enter a trance mode, he will give you hypnotic suggestion. For instance, if the patient wants to stop smoking, in the therapy session the hypnotist might ask the subject to visualize the harms of smoking, how awful it smells and hurts the nose and eyes. The therapist will give the subject suggestions that when not smoking you will be alright. Any time the subject remembers to smoke, he will remember the awful smell from a cigarette. This will help the subject to stop smoking and this is how traditional hypnosis works [3]. According to some studies, the success rate of this form of hypnosis rarely exceeds 30%; although the client may feel better, there may be higher relapse rate and the client may not always do better the next time something similar happens [3].

In a situation when the traditional method does not work for the subject, the hypnotist might need to use another method like conversational hypnosis, etc. [3].

Unlike the traditional approach, conversational hypnosis is a type of hypnosis done to a subject or patient with the use of words and persuasion. It can also be used to treat stress, addiction, and phobia like in traditional hypnosis [3].
