**5.2 Ideosensory response phenomena**

**Hallucination:** "hallucination" is a vivid visual ideosensory response, experiencing something that is not actually happening but feeling as it were happening. Hallucination can be used for aversion therapy, to stop a habit such as smoking, nail biting etc. The person can hallucinate any of the senses. When the subject perceives

a specific object that is not actually present in the stimulus environment experience; it is called positive ideosensory response and positive hallucination. If he/she fails to perceive a specific object that is present in the stimulus environment, it is called negative ideosensory response and negative hallucination.

Anesthesia is reduction or loss of any sensory modality, such as blindness, deafness, anosmia, analgesia, or tactile anesthesia. Self -generated pain control can be recreated using hypnotic suggestion for various conditions such as headache and dystonia. Surgery can be performed using only hypnotic anesthesia for pain management without any drug. Not everybody can achieve the depth of trance required for surgical work, but they can become suggestible enough to produce numbness in hand referred as "glove anesthesia," then "transferred" by touch wherever needed. Numbness of any part of the body can occur spontaneously so profoundly that needles can be inserted into the body without discomfort. If the hypnotist tells to the subject to reduce its perception through sensation of tingling and numbness, with decreased activity of somatosensory dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Hypno-analgesia cannot be reversed by naloxone, an opiate receptor blocker.

### **5.3 Ideomotor phenomena**

Ideomotor responses refer to motor phenomena of muscles responding instantaneously to thoughts and feelings, a movement in response to an idea. The subject moves in response to a suggestion given during hypnosis.

**Catalepsy**: involuntary tonicity, rigidity or immobility of muscles. It can happen naturally in a fight, flight or freeze state where the body is stuck in place even though the mind tells to move. It can be used in induction/deepening process (with an eye catalepsy/eye lock test) during eyeball catalepsy. Psychogenic sexual issues such as erectile dysfunction or insomniacs who move around too much in their sleep can be relieved by hypnotic catalepsy.

**Automatic Writing:** "Doodling" is the manifestation of automatic writing and answering to completely different questions without any conscious effort while talking or listening. Then, the subject can interpret what was written in hypnosis.

#### **5.4 Memory phenomena**

The hypnotic state of the brain activity is a sort of functional amnesia, a reversible dissociation between implicit and explicit memory (post hypnotic amnesia (PHA)).

**Amnesia** refers to the act of forgetting. Spontaneously occurred amnesia indicates deep state of hypnosis known as somnambulism. Amnesia is a temporary result of specific hypnotic suggestions.

**Somnambulism:** deep stage of hypnosis like sleepwalkers' experience. Hypnotic suggestions become automatic convictions which cannot be recollected by the subject. The hypnotized subject obeys to the directions as awake.

**Posthypnotic amnesia**, the subject cannot remember events and experiences that he/she lived during hypnosis.

**False memory syndrome:** Events are processed by the physical brain to become memories accessible by the non-physical mind. A false belief into the mind of another can be instilled.

**Cryptomnesia** is responsible for past life regression episodes. Invisibly stored information within the brain can be recalled as a result of a stimulus.

**9**

*Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy: Emerging of Science-Based Hypnosis*

emotional response. Any one or all three can be repressed.

related to the current problem in a present existence.

dreams. Some regress while some others revivify.

regression with revivification mixed in.

another person from a new perspective.

time or extend the perceived time of someone on a diet.

**Repression**: Profound guilt or vulnerability to shame, hate, death, causes to "hide" the event in a time capsule in the mind, so that consciousness is no longer aware of the vulnerability. Repressed memories can lay dormant for years doing nothing for the owner. The conscious mind uses rationalization, as a logical reason for the symptoms associated with the reminiscent event of the original trauma. Repression, a function of the mind's capacity can be triggered by anything within human experience connected to the repressed memory in forming new instinctive behavior patterns relevant to the living environment. Hypnoanalysis resistance means to abort therapy because of a threat to security felt by the subject. The memory is composed of three separate parts– event, physiological reaction,

**Hypermnesia** (**Memory Recall):** Experiencing heightened recall abilities during hypnosis is known as hypermnesia. It is the act of remembering more than normal (enhanced recall). Since the material can be inaccurate or false, hypnotically recovered memories are not allowed as "evidence" in court cases. The main use for the phenomena of hypermnesia assists in finding lost items and discovering their locations by remembering past events to attain further details. The hypnotherapist will ask the subject to let the mind drift to the last time that he/she saw the item or places to be with it or handling and to remember and say as much

**Regression**: the subject just imagines vividly going back to a past event being aware that he/she is not actually there. It is used for phobias that have started during

**Age Regression (Pseudo revivification):** The subject relives previous life experiences as if they happened in present. The subject goes to earlier experiences

observes the event from another view as if on a television or movie screen.

**Pseudo-regression:** Instead of identifying the experiences directly, the subject

**Revivification:** reliving an incident in the present tense as if the subject was there at that time without current knowledge. Revivification requires deeper state of hypnosis and responsiveness to suggestions and can be experienced in the night

**Retrogression (Dynamic Regression):** Retrogression is a spontaneous age

**Age Progression:** The subject feels living in the future even though remains in present age. Age progression is a mean to predict how a person would react to an

**Dissociation:** to disintegrate the subject from the painful part of the body to get rid of past traumatic events against fears and phobias. The subject would imagine negative situations. It is like watching a memory on a TV screen rather than seeing through the eyes. The dissociation reduces emotional responses of the subject who

**Time distortion:** The subjective measuring of time can be altered simply by either enjoying or waiting for something in hypnosis. A person feels expansion of time in boredom. Contraction is the opposite like time flying while having fun. For example, a nervous airplane passenger can start to believe to be on the plane for less

would go to a happy place to dissociate from what happens here and now. **Depersonalization:** The subject ignores his/her own identity, and acts as

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94089*

about the item.

event in the future.

**5.5 Perception phenomena**

childhood.

*Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis*

opiate receptor blocker.

hypnosis.

(PHA)).

**5.4 Memory phenomena**

**5.3 Ideomotor phenomena**

can be relieved by hypnotic catalepsy.

result of specific hypnotic suggestions.

that he/she lived during hypnosis.

another can be instilled.

a specific object that is not actually present in the stimulus environment experience; it is called positive ideosensory response and positive hallucination. If he/she fails to perceive a specific object that is present in the stimulus environment, it is called

Anesthesia is reduction or loss of any sensory modality, such as blindness, deafness, anosmia, analgesia, or tactile anesthesia. Self -generated pain control can be recreated using hypnotic suggestion for various conditions such as headache and dystonia. Surgery can be performed using only hypnotic anesthesia for pain management without any drug. Not everybody can achieve the depth of trance required for surgical work, but they can become suggestible enough to produce numbness in hand referred as "glove anesthesia," then "transferred" by touch wherever needed. Numbness of any part of the body can occur spontaneously so profoundly that needles can be inserted into the body without discomfort. If the hypnotist tells to the subject to reduce its perception through sensation of tingling and numbness, with decreased activity of somatosensory dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Hypno-analgesia cannot be reversed by naloxone, an

Ideomotor responses refer to motor phenomena of muscles responding instantaneously to thoughts and feelings, a movement in response to an idea. The subject

**Catalepsy**: involuntary tonicity, rigidity or immobility of muscles. It can happen

**Automatic Writing:** "Doodling" is the manifestation of automatic writing and answering to completely different questions without any conscious effort while talking or listening. Then, the subject can interpret what was written in

The hypnotic state of the brain activity is a sort of functional amnesia, a reversible dissociation between implicit and explicit memory (post hypnotic amnesia

**Somnambulism:** deep stage of hypnosis like sleepwalkers' experience. Hypnotic

**Posthypnotic amnesia**, the subject cannot remember events and experiences

**False memory syndrome:** Events are processed by the physical brain to become

**Cryptomnesia** is responsible for past life regression episodes. Invisibly stored

**Amnesia** refers to the act of forgetting. Spontaneously occurred amnesia indicates deep state of hypnosis known as somnambulism. Amnesia is a temporary

suggestions become automatic convictions which cannot be recollected by the

memories accessible by the non-physical mind. A false belief into the mind of

subject. The hypnotized subject obeys to the directions as awake.

information within the brain can be recalled as a result of a stimulus.

naturally in a fight, flight or freeze state where the body is stuck in place even though the mind tells to move. It can be used in induction/deepening process (with an eye catalepsy/eye lock test) during eyeball catalepsy. Psychogenic sexual issues such as erectile dysfunction or insomniacs who move around too much in their sleep

negative ideosensory response and negative hallucination.

moves in response to a suggestion given during hypnosis.

**8**

**Repression**: Profound guilt or vulnerability to shame, hate, death, causes to "hide" the event in a time capsule in the mind, so that consciousness is no longer aware of the vulnerability. Repressed memories can lay dormant for years doing nothing for the owner. The conscious mind uses rationalization, as a logical reason for the symptoms associated with the reminiscent event of the original trauma. Repression, a function of the mind's capacity can be triggered by anything within human experience connected to the repressed memory in forming new instinctive behavior patterns relevant to the living environment. Hypnoanalysis resistance means to abort therapy because of a threat to security felt by the subject. The memory is composed of three separate parts– event, physiological reaction, emotional response. Any one or all three can be repressed.

**Hypermnesia** (**Memory Recall):** Experiencing heightened recall abilities during hypnosis is known as hypermnesia. It is the act of remembering more than normal (enhanced recall). Since the material can be inaccurate or false, hypnotically recovered memories are not allowed as "evidence" in court cases. The main use for the phenomena of hypermnesia assists in finding lost items and discovering their locations by remembering past events to attain further details. The hypnotherapist will ask the subject to let the mind drift to the last time that he/she saw the item or places to be with it or handling and to remember and say as much about the item.

**Regression**: the subject just imagines vividly going back to a past event being aware that he/she is not actually there. It is used for phobias that have started during childhood.

**Age Regression (Pseudo revivification):** The subject relives previous life experiences as if they happened in present. The subject goes to earlier experiences related to the current problem in a present existence.

**Pseudo-regression:** Instead of identifying the experiences directly, the subject observes the event from another view as if on a television or movie screen.

**Revivification:** reliving an incident in the present tense as if the subject was there at that time without current knowledge. Revivification requires deeper state of hypnosis and responsiveness to suggestions and can be experienced in the night dreams. Some regress while some others revivify.

**Retrogression (Dynamic Regression):** Retrogression is a spontaneous age regression with revivification mixed in.

**Age Progression:** The subject feels living in the future even though remains in present age. Age progression is a mean to predict how a person would react to an event in the future.

### **5.5 Perception phenomena**

**Dissociation:** to disintegrate the subject from the painful part of the body to get rid of past traumatic events against fears and phobias. The subject would imagine negative situations. It is like watching a memory on a TV screen rather than seeing through the eyes. The dissociation reduces emotional responses of the subject who would go to a happy place to dissociate from what happens here and now.

**Depersonalization:** The subject ignores his/her own identity, and acts as another person from a new perspective.

**Time distortion:** The subjective measuring of time can be altered simply by either enjoying or waiting for something in hypnosis. A person feels expansion of time in boredom. Contraction is the opposite like time flying while having fun. For example, a nervous airplane passenger can start to believe to be on the plane for less time or extend the perceived time of someone on a diet.

**Future pacing (mental rehearsal):** It is kind of visualization where the subject can prepare himself/herself for success and realization of his/her goals by overcoming the potential obstacles through future options [33–35].
