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*Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis*

Aging. 2012;**33**(2):433-e21

1994;**14**(3):212-218

2010;**16**(4):235-238

jpa.22.219

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[179] Field T, Diego M,

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young and older adults. Neurobiology of

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[192] Hilgard ER, Hilgard JR. Hypnosis in the Relief of Pain. New York, London:

Schuckers SAC. Identifying frequencydomain features for an EEG-based pain measurement system. In: Proceedings

Press; 2016. pp. 107-128

2008;**39**(3):1314-1323

Routledge; 2013. p. 312

[193] Rissacher D, Dowman R,

2013;**4**(3):255-268

[187] Lutz A, Jha AP,

Hernandez-Reif M. Tai chi/yoga effects on anxiety, heartrate, EEG and math computations. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice.

[181] Ambrose KR, Yvonne MG. Physical

exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: Why and when. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology. 2015;**29**(1):120-130

[182] Peng PWH. Tai chi and chronic pain. Regional Anesthesia and Pain

Medicine. 2012;**37**:372-382

2016. pp. 109-131

Press; 2002. p. 320

[183] Farb NA, Desormeau PA, Dinh-Williams LA. The neuroscience of hypo-egoic processes. In: The Oxford Handbook of Hypo-egoic Phenomena.

[184] Llinás RR. I of the Vortex: From Neurons to Self. Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England: MIT

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**98**

[194] Hsiao FJ, Wang SJ, Lin YY, Fuh JL, Ko YC, Wang PN, et al. Altered insuladefault mode network connectivity in fibromyalgia: A resting-state magnetoencephalographic study. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 2017;**18**(1):89

[195] Sullivan MJ, Sullivan ME, Adams HM. Stage of chronicity and cognitive correlates of pain-related disability. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 2002;**31**(3):111-118

[196] Hamilton JP, Furman DJ, Chang C, Thomason ME, Dennis E, Gotlib IH. Default-mode and taskpositive network activity in major depressive disorder: Implications for adaptive and maladaptive rumination. Biological Psychiatry. 2011;**70**(4):327-333

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[198] Kucyi A, Moayedi M, Weissman-Fogel I, Goldberg MB, Freeman BV, Tenenbaum HC, et al. Enhanced medial prefrontal-default mode network functional connectivity in chronic pain and its association with pain rumination. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2014;**34**(11):3969-3975

[199] Shim M, Im CH, Lee SH. Disrupted cortical brain network in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: A resting-state electroencephalographic study. Translational Psychiatry. 2017;*7*(9):e1231-e1231

[200] Cunningham NR, Kashikar-Zuck S, Coghill RC. Brain mechanisms impacted by psychological therapies for pain: Identifying targets for optimization of treatment effects. Pain Reports. 2019;**4**:4

[201] Zeidan F, Grant JA, Brown CA, McHaffie JG, Coghill RC. Mindfulness meditation-related pain relief: Evidence for unique brain mechanisms in the regulation of pain. Neuroscience Letters. 2012;**520**(2):165-173

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[203] Sivertsen M, Normann B. Embodiment and self in reorientation to everyday life following severe traumatic brain injury. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2015;**31**(3):153-159

[204] Klemm WR. Neurophysiologic studies of the immobility reflex ("animal hypnosis"). In: Neurosciences Research. New York, London: Academic Press; 1971. pp. 165-212

[205] Gallup GG Jr. Animal hypnosis: Factual status of a fictional concept. Psychological Bulletin. 1974;**81**(11):836

[206] Braboszcz C, Delorme A. Lost in thoughts: Neural markers of low alertness during mind wandering. NeuroImage. 2011;**54**(4):3040-3047

[207] Nash MR, Barnier AJ, editors. The Oxford Handbook of Hypnosis: Theory, Research, and Practice. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 2012. p. 802. DOI: 10.1093/oxfor dhb/9780198570097.001.0001

[208] Tart C. Waking up: Overcoming the obstacles to human potential. Lucidity Letter. Boston: New Science Library; 1986;**5**(2):307

**101**

Section 3

Novalties in

Hypnotherapeutic

Applications

Section 3

Novalties in Hypnotherapeutic Applications

**103**

**Chapter 5**

**Abstract**

therapy, CBT

**1. Introduction**

*Elizabeth Brooker*

Cognitive Hypnotherapy

therapy in both the scientific community and medical profession.

(thoughts and feelings) no longer consciously perceived.

both the scientific and medical domains.

**Keywords:** cognitive hypnotherapy, hypnosis, unconscious mind, psychodynamic

Cognitive hypnotherapy (CH), rooted in cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with the addition of hypnosis, focuses on the ways in which individuals think and act in specific circumstances, and how emotional and behavioural problems may be overcome. The fusion of hypnotic techniques with the cognitive and behavioural therapies was proposed in 1994 to strengthen the therapeutic outcome and was termed cognitive hypnotherapy. This offered an addition to therapy by facilitating the resolution of resistant symptoms [1]. CH is a psychodynamic therapy that focuses on the unconscious mind and targets implicit or automated processes

The aim of this review is to give greater understanding of CH and its quickacting and beneficial effects in a number of diverse conditions. A further aim is to give corroborated scientific evidence from the literature of the processes adopted in this assimilative therapy underpinned by documentation of studies in a number of different areas. The objective is to give more credence and understanding of CH in

Cognitive hypnotherapy (CH) is an assimilative therapy rooted in cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy, with the addition of hypnosis. It is a psychodynamic therapy that focuses on the unconscious mind (implicit thoughts, actions and emotions) no longer in conscious awareness. This chapter gives a brief synopsis of the hypnotic procedures and protocols that are most pertinent for understanding the case for integration. It gives the background of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a brief history of how this therapy evolved. It further gives the rationale for the integration of hypnosis with CBT, corroborated with evidence from the literature. CH treatments are documented in some detail in a number of different domains where hypnosis is used as an adjunct to therapy for the treatment of debilitating psychological conditions. The techniques and procedures are designed to desensitise and reprocess dysfunctional cognitions, emotions and memories enabling positive change in cognitive perceptions and visualisation. The author, an academic and experienced clinical practitioner of CH for more than 10 years, recognises that there is much scepticism regarding this therapy. It is hoped that this review will give greater understanding and more credence to this highly effective
