*4.2.7 Application of hypnosis in clinical pain management*

Demonstratively, analogue pain has been reduced by hypnosis, preliminary information concerning possible physiological mechanisms of hypnotic analgesia has been offered by studies showing central nervous system activity during hypnotic procedures [55]. In another study, the effectiveness of hypnosis on pain reduction has been demonstrated, which contributed to the theoretical understanding of hypnotic analgesia [55]. These findings were taken to a new level of sophistication by some neurophysiological studies [56]. As an adjunct therapy, clinical hypnosis was considered effective for pain reduction in cancer patients as well as severe chronic diseases for patients receiving palliative care [38]. In the management of chronic pain or cancer procedure-related pain in children, hypnosis is considered as an effective technique [56]. Pain reduction was reported in patients having metastatic breast carcinoma by hypnotic approach [57].
