*2.3.5 Eyes cues*

*Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis*

used all together or separately [24].

*2.3.1 Hypnotic inductions*

*2.3.2 Relaxation technique*

and speaking in soft tone [25].

*2.3.3 Handshake technique*

rather than just direct suggestions [24]. Metaphors allow the brain to think creatively and arrive at conclusions that may not be reached by employing the more unilateral form of traditional hypnosis. Rather than simple commands and suggestions, metaphors work by comparing and contrasting two things in a more complex way [24]. The mind is allowed to wrap around an idea or thought in a more organic way than direct suggestion, skeptics are often able to be hypnotized using this approach than the traditional one. Modern Ericksonian hypnosis uses interspersal and isomorphic metaphors. Interspersal metaphors use embedded commands that distract the conscious mind, allowing the unconscious mind to process the message of the metaphors. Isomorphic metaphors tell a story that has a moral, which makes the unconscious mind draw a one-to-one comparison between the moral of the

Neuro-linguistic programing (NLP) is a form of hypnosis used along with selfhypnosis to deal with issues such as self-esteem, self-confidence, and overall mental well-being. It is used also to conquer phobias and fears and to quell anxieties [24]. In NLP, the same thought process as a fear or problem is used to reverse or get rid of the problem; it is an effective method. Reframe, flash, and anchoring are the three different techniques used with NLP. NLP is most effective when the techniques are

Self-hypnosis allows the mind when relaxed to reach a hypnotic state without a hypnotist or hypnotherapist. This form of hypnosis is performed by oneself to achieve a deep state of relaxation [8]. Suggestions and commands are made by oneself, or by an MP3 or a CD player that guides oneself in the hypnosis session. A lot of people who do not trust others with influential subconscious and fragile mind

Hypnotic induction is the first process that a hypnotist uses to put the clients into a trance state where they are more open to suggestion. Some of the tools or

One of the common techniques used by the therapist is relaxation, a relaxed client may fall into trance and his mind will be open to suggestion. Relaxed clients are more likely to talk to the therapist and be open to indirect suggestions. Some common methods of relaxation include: making the client comfortable, lying down, client's head counting down, controlled breathing, relaxing and tensing muscles,

In most societies, handshakes are the commonest form of greetings, and Milton Erickson—the farther of hypnotherapy—famously used the handshake technique as a way to induce hypnotic trance. By the handshake, the subconscious mind is shocked by disrupting the common social norm. The hypnotist interrupts the pattern established by our mind by grabbing the wrist or pulling the subject forward and off balance, in an abnormal way of handshake. Suddenly, with the interrupted

story and a problem or issue that it is already familiar with [24].

prefer self-hypnosis instead of the guided hypnosis [24].

techniques used in inducing hypnosis include the following:

pattern, the subconscious mind is open for suggestions [25].

**2.3 Tools/techniques used in hypnosis induction**

**26**

The right sphere of the brain manages creativity and consciousness while the left manages the practical and subconsciousness. During a conversation, the direction of the subject's eyes indicates the sphere accessed, looking right indicates accessing the consciousness and left the subconsciousness. If the eyes are accessing the subconscious, you can make a suggestion that they are not consciously aware (**Figure 1**). The eyes may as well be fixated on one object in the room. Stephen Brooks developed a new technique of inducing hypnosis on the listener with eye movements [25].
