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management of sleep disorders. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2007;**55**:288-302

*Hypnotherapy and Hypnosis*

of Psychology. 1996;**47**:33-57

Publishing; 1999

Publishing; 1999

W. W. Norton; 1989

University Press; 2008

ac.uk/12130

1994;**8**:265-274

[42] Cooper P. Introduction: Why cognitive behavior therapy? In: Butler G, editor. Overcoming Social Anxiety and Shyness. London: Robinson

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Psychology. 2006;**2**(2-3):103-112

[44] Butler G. Overcoming Social

Anxiety and Shyness. London: Robinson

[45] Persons JB. Cognitive Therapy: A Case Formulation Approach. New York:

[46] Clark A. Supersizing the Mind: Embodiment, Action, and Cognitive Extension. New York, NY: Oxford

[47] Brooker E. Music Performance Anxiety: An Investigation into the Efficacy of Cognitive Hypnotherapy and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing when applied to Grade 8 Pianists [Doctoral dissertation thesis]. UK: University of Leeds. 2015. Available from: http://etheses.whiterose.

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Basic Books; 1992. pp. 130-168

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review. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 2005;**33**:45-59

[51] Spanos NP. Hypnotic behaviour: A social-psychological interpretation of amnesia, analgesia, and "trance logic". Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

Saperstein G. Hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy:

Consulting and Clinical Psychology.

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Ben-Avi I, Knobler HY. Hypnotherapy in the treatment of chronic combatrelated PTSD patients suffering from insomnia: A randomised, Zolpidemcontrolled clinical trial. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2008;**56**(3):270-280

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[57] Keefer L, Keshavarzian A. Feasibility

and acceptability of gut-directed hypnosis on inflammatory bowel disease: A brief communication. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.

[58] Graci GM, Hardie JC. Evidence-

based hypnotherapy for the

Hypnosis. 2007;**55**:207-219

2007;**55**(2):131-146

2007;**55**(4):457-466

[52] Kirsch I, Montgomery G,

A meta-analysis. Journal of

[54] Abramowitz EG, Barak Y,

1986;**9**:449-467

1995;**63**:214-220

1998;**66**:7-18

**116**

[59] Xu Y, Cardena E. Hypnosis as an adjunct therapy in the management of diabetes. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2008;**56**(1):63-92

[60] Shakibaei F, Harandi AA, Gholamrezaei A, Samoei R, Salehi P. Hypnotherapy in management of pain and re-experiencing of trauma in burn patients. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2008;**56**(2):185-197

[61] Abbasi M, Ghazi F, Barlow-Harrison A, Sheikhvatan M, Mohammadyan F. The effect of hypnosis on pain relief during labor and childbirth in Iranian pregnant women. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2009;**57**(2):174-183

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[66] Brooker E. Music performance anxiety: A clinical outcome study into the effects of cognitive hypnotherapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing in advanced pianists. Psychology of Music. 2018;**46**(1):107-124

[67] Brooker E. Cognitive hypnotherapy and EMDR: The longitudinal effects on trait anxiety and music performance in advanced pianists. Advances in Complementary & Alternative medicine. 2019;**5**(4):ACAM.000616.2019

[68] Brooker E. Transforming Performance Anxiety Treatment Using Cognitive Hypnotherapy and EMDR. London and New York: Routledge; 2019

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[70] Harrington A, editor. The Placebo Effect. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1997

**119**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

prospective memory

*nervous system [3].*

Active-Alert Hypnosis to Achieve

*Arnoldo Téllez, Arturo Valdez and Teresa Sánchez-Jáuregui*

Hypnosis does not always require suggestions of relaxation in order enter into

Over time, hypnosis has been defined in various ways. In its early stages, it was associated with supernatural states. The current official definition, according to the American Psychological Association, is "a state of consciousness, involving a focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness, characterized by an enhanced capacity for response to suggestions" [1]. Unestahl [2] defines hypnosis as "an alternative state of consciousness, where information can bypass the logical mind and bring about changes in suggestibility and perception and in which there are alternative control systems available." Taking both definitions into account, we propose the

following definition that describes this state of consciousness more broadly:

*Hypnosis is a state of intense and focused attention that leads us to a special state of consciousness, in which previously learned experiences can be evoked in an involuntary way. This state is characterized by an increase in suggestibility and the ability to modify the perception, memory, and functioning of the autonomic* 

In the past, it was also common knowledge that hypnosis implies a relaxation, or a sleep-like state, in which the hypnotized person loses his/her consciousness temporarily, being completely under the hypnotist's control. Now, however, it is known

this state. It can also be induced through suggestions of activation and cognitive alertness. This procedure and the hypnotic state caused by it has been called active-alert hypnosis (AAH). In this chapter, we describe a strategy to increase the probability to achieve goals using an AAH technique in which we ask the patient to move his arms in an alternate way, while imagining that he has a pair of dumbbells of several kilograms in each hand, in order to produce a hypnotic age progression phenomenon, in which the patient is oriented to a positive future and mobilizing hope, and could see himself achieving his goals, creating "memories of the future."

We report several clinical cases in which this hypnotic strategy was used.

**Keywords:** active-alert hypnosis, goals achievement, age progression,

**1. Just a little background on hypnosis and hypnotherapy**

Personal, Professional, and

Therapeutic Goals
