**7. References**

214 Urban Development

The ultimate hub for shopping and entertainment – now called the *golden triangle* - is a district in Şişli (S in Fig. 1). Clothing outlets, international brands as well haute couture can be found in the narrow lanes of Nişantaşi and Teşvikiye (Photo 4), the location of the city's *new creative class* (leave Metro at Osmanbey). It is remarkable that shopkeepers, formerly located near the touristic overcrowded Bazaar area are now moving to Nişantaşi with its upper class and international customers. Both the financial quarter and the "golden triangle" enlarge the imagination of Istanbul: they are *new post-modern locations*, spatially

Proceeding southward, the space between the "golden triangle" and the traditional core is not at all an empty place. The fashionable CBD of 1900 south of the Taksim square (T), downgraded up to the 1970s, is now revitalised and a *city of pedestrian avenues* (Photo 3). The surrounding flourishes now as an entertainment quarter with different types of restaurants.

remote from the waterfront city at the Bosphor and the Golden Horn.

Galata bridge and the Golden Horn – the focal point of different intersections

Photo 8. At the Galata bridge 2010. Golden Horn, Focus of Istanbul's "multiple

intersections". Suleimaniye mosque in the background.

Prime Shopping CBD

Fin de Siècle - CBD rediscovered

Aksoy A. (2009): Istanbul's choice: openness. Urban Age Istanbul, 48-51.


(www.isocarp.org/pub/events/congress/2006).


**Part 4** 

**Spatial Analysis and Urban Development** 

