**7. Implementations**

The methodology of evaluating the feasibility and usability of implemented u-services include the user response analysis (usability, value analysis), surveys of citizen groups, and technical analysis (technical efficiency, technical robustness)

To enhance the credibility of the service analysis, we cooperated with the test-bed implementation, evaluation and maintenance task defined in a smart city. We perform a recursive service model evaluation process (figure 8) by evaluating and revising the service models through 2 stage test bed implementations.

authored, and managed. A customizable integrated platform model (figure 7) is framed so that it provides adequate information for appropriate devices. The Platform detects and processes the citizens' needs based on various ICT (Information Community Technology)

The service offered to the citizens using ICT environments can be modified /adapted

Fig. 7. Smart service platform. (Uk Kim, ubiquitous amenities lab, Hongik University and

Rules are developed to provide maximum benefit and efficiency.

technical analysis (technical efficiency, technical robustness)

Government and Private sector business partners.

models through 2 stage test bed implementations.

Prototypes of SDK (Standard Development Kit), API's and Simulators that are needed to integrate the unit smart service to the platform is also provided, and Service Management

To ensure the successful management of services, a "Business Ecology" is suggested to the

The methodology of evaluating the feasibility and usability of implemented u-services include the user response analysis (usability, value analysis), surveys of citizen groups, and

To enhance the credibility of the service analysis, we cooperated with the test-bed implementation, evaluation and maintenance task defined in a smart city. We perform a recursive service model evaluation process (figure 8) by evaluating and revising the service

/expanded according to the unit space, and individual context of the space.

environments.

Seung Sik Yoon, UBIDUS Co.)

**7. Implementations** 

Fig. 8. Service model evaluation process using test-beds. (Uk Kim, ubiquitous amenities lab, Hongik University and Seung Sik Yoon, UBIDUS Co.)

The 1st stage test-bed will evaluate the user response according to the usability and values provided, which is based on the data gathered from the implementation of the service testbed. As for the 1st stage of technical evaluation in the test-bed, factors such as the efficiency of the technology implemented, and durability of the technology under field environment are examined.

During the 2nd stage of the test-bed, the usability and technical evaluation results from the 1st stage are used to upgrade the system and service models. The revised system and service models are tested in the 2nd step test-bed, according to the same evaluation factors used in the 1st stage.

**4** 

*México* 

**Emerging Technologies** 

**for Urban Traffic Management** 

Antonio Guerrero-Ibáñez, Carlos Flores-Cortés,

*School of Telematics, University of Colima, Colima,* 

Pedro Damián-Reyes, M. Andrade-Aréchiga and J. R. G. Pulido

Nowadays, the number of vehicles on the road and the need of transporting people grow fast. Road transportation has become the backbone of industrialized countries. Nevertheless, the road network system in cities is not sufficient to cope with the current demands due to the size of roads available. Building additional or extending existing roads do not solve the traffic congestion problem due to the high costs and the environmental and geographical limitations. As a consequence, the modern society is facing more traffic jams, higher fuel

Vehicular traffic is one of the most critical concerns of modern societies where cities are ever growing. The *United Nations Population Foundation* published in its technical report (UNFPA, 2007) that for the first time, more than half the world's population lives in urban areas and the balance of people continue shifting to the cities. As a consequence, drivers and

Traffic congestion in urban areas is a serious problem that has an important economical, environmental and road safety impact. The technical report of the *Texas Transportation Institute* shown that in 2010 traffic congestion represented an \$101 billion annual drain on the U.S. economy, with 4.8 billion hours and 1,9 billion gallons of fuel spent on traffic, the equivalent of one work week and three weeks worth of gas every year (Schrank et al., 2011). According to the *Intelligent Energy Europe* in the European Union (EU), traffic congestion costs \$50 billion per year or 0.5% of the community Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and by

Therefore, traffic congestion has an important environmental impact. According to the technical report on traffic congestion and greenhouse gases (Barth & Boriboonsonsim, 2009) a third of America carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions come from moving people or goods, and 80 percent of these emissions are from cars and trucks. According to the Eurostat data, road transport accounted for 19.5% of the EU total greenhouse gas emissions in 2008 (Bakas,

On the other hand, regarding road safety impact, the technical report of the Commission for Global Road Safety indicates that road crashes kill at least 1.3 million people each year and injure 50 million. Significantly, 90% of these road casualties occur in developing countries.

**1. Introduction** 

2008).

bills and high levels of CO2 emissions.

2010 this figure could go up to 1% of EU GDP.

passengers spend a large percentage of their day stuck in traffic.
