**2. History of cultural innovation**

Human skills for survival have been embedded into our DNA as intelligence, and they are the resources for the innovation of human culture like social and economical systems. Human instinct and intelligence ignites the development of technologies, which in turn guarantee financial success in a capitalistic society. Thus, it is inevitable for technological innovation, in every aspect of human culture, to explode and continue.

gigantic picture of covering all domains from safety and security to education and health. It remained as a picture, but did not proceed into an elaborate model with detailed execution

Fig. 1. Digital amenity. (Uk Kim, ubiquitous amenities lab, Hongik University)

In the urban environment, 'quality of life' is a fundamental requirement for human life. As modernization and urbanization proceeds faster than any previous period since human enlightenment, life has become unpredictable, thus making the sustenance of quality of life the most important goal among architects, planners and urban designers. Recently utilization of IT technology is actively searched in pursuit of smart cities that guarantee in

The value of human dignity should not be undermined, and the minimum standard of health and comfort must be secured. Ergo amenity should be considered as the most basic component in providing smart spaces of this purpose (Bell, 2000). Referring to amenity, it includes various factors such as nature, architecture, climate, social character and personal emotion. Thus, amenity should resolve cultural, ecological, political and social conflicts of human needs and provide necessary civil services, individually and collectively. Digitally complemented amenities (figure 1) are suggested here to enhance the services based on digital infra-structure. In this study, essential services of digital amenities are realized using ubiquitous technologies, and are entitled as "u-services" of a smart city (Kim et al., 2009, 2010).

Human skills for survival have been embedded into our DNA as intelligence, and they are the resources for the innovation of human culture like social and economical systems. Human instinct and intelligence ignites the development of technologies, which in turn guarantee financial success in a capitalistic society. Thus, it is inevitable for technological

innovation, in every aspect of human culture, to explode and continue.

information.

sustaining quality of urban life.

**2. History of cultural innovation** 

The first step to implement a digital amenity is to find out the required civil services. By reviewing significant footsteps of cultural innovation in human history, the crucial aspects of conception about environment, materials, relationships and commodities can be categorized by the following: time, space, resource and people (Pinker, 1997, 2007).

Along with the invention of tools, time was digitalized in the form of the calendar, and human life has been scheduled far more densely than ever before. Densely scheduled life gives human the opportunity for the development of innovative technology.

Following the invention of the calendar, the invention of the printing press presented human kind with a way to share, reserve, and transmit knowledge to future generations. Such following communication technologies as radio, television, cellular phone and internet allow real time information to be transmitted globally.

As seen in figure 2, there have been four essential factors at the center of the innovation of technology and human culture; time, space, resources and people. Digital amenities will focus on these factors in the development of necessary civil services for the sustainability of a smart city. At the same time, citizens are exposed to life long learnings of innovative technology and evolving culture, which is critical for creative living in a smart city. Therefore, it is needed to collect information, monitor collected data, and broadcast to the public.

Fig. 2. Time, space, resource and people. (Uk Kim, ubiquitous amenities lab, Hongik University)
