**Cultural Heritage and Urban Development**

178 Urban Development

Tam, V.W.Y.; Tam, L. & Zeng, S.X. (2009). Cost effectiveness and trade off on the use of

*Resources, Conservation and Recycling*, Vol. 54, pp. 178-186.

rainwater tank: An empirical study in Australian residential decision-making.

**9** 

*Turkey* 

**The Impact of Different Urban** 

*Uludag University, Department of Architecture* 

Arzu Ispalar Cahantimur

**Housing Patterns on the Sustainable Urban** 

**Development of a Historic City, Bursa/Turkey** 

Throughout history, cities have been built to serve a variety of functions; as forts, market places, and as centres of administration or industry. All cities have experienced periods of growth and decline and all tend to raise contradictory views concerning the nature and purpose of the city as an urban system (Elliott, 1994). Over the last fifty years cities have been transformed from fairly concentrated and identifiable towns into amorphous urban areas, sprawling into their hinterlands without any visible borders between town and country. Transition from the industrial society to the information society as well as the globalization process led to changes in space and spatial organizations; thus, most of the cities around the different regions of the world have been subject to important social and cultural alterations. As a result of this urban transformation process around the world,

The developments in political, economical and technological fields caused a very rapid urbanization in Turkey. However, providing sufficient number of residences that are available for people with average income as well as constructing the substructure necessary for these residences have not been succeeded; therefore, a lack of healthy accommodation problem, which is typical for underdeveloped or developing countries, has arisen. Besides the very high level of migration from rural to urban areas due to the rapid industrialization, Turkey has also been influenced by the migrations from abroad. Tekeli(1998), indicates that, squatters, build - and -sell apartment blocks and cooperative housing societies as well as housing financed by the state have emerged as solution to these problems in this country. He also points out the fact that none of these presentation forms has been a form to enrich the life quality nor to create good quality environments. Moreover, "Pull down-rebuild" processes in the city centers led to the demolishing of historical and cultural values, to the permanent density increase, to the loss of green areas as well as to the insufficiency of the social substructure. The urban development in the cities caused a permanent decrease in quality of life, which is determined as the main indicator of sustainable urban development by many researchers (e.g.Redclift, Woodgate,1997;Mitchell,2000). In the report of WCED (1987), the concept of sustainable development has come to be associated with efforts to increase the quality of life without endangering the natural resource base of the society. In

different physical and social structures emerged in different regions.

**1. Introduction** 
