Microfluidic Devices

*Current and Future Aspects of Nanomedicine*

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jmbbm.2016.07.034

**98**

**101**

**Chapter 6**

**Abstract**

process in developing countries.

**1. Introduction**

Microfluidic Device for Single Cell

Impedance Characterization

*Muhammad Asraf Mansor and Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad*

Detection of single particle has emerged as a noninvasive technique for diagnostic and prognostic patients with cancer suspected. Microfluidic impedance cytometry has been utilized to detect and measure the electrical impedance of single biological particles at high speed. The detailed information of single cells such as cell size, membrane capacitance, and cytoplasm conductivity also can be obtained by impedance measurement over a wide frequency range. In this work, we developed an integrated microneedle microfluidic device to detect and discriminate 9- and 16-μm microbeads. Two microneedles were utilized as measuring electrodes at the half height of the microfluidic device to perform measurement of electrical impedance under a presence of cells at the sensing area. Furthermore, this device was able to distinguish the cell concentration in the suspension fluid. The reusable microneedles were easy to be inserted and withdrawn from the disposable microfluidic. The ultrasonic cleaning machine has been used to clean the reusable microneedle with a simple cleaning process. Despite of the low-cost device, its capability to detect single particles at the sensing area was preserved. Therefore, this device is suitable for cost-efficient medical and food safety screening and testing

**Keywords:** impedance, flow cytometry, microfluidics, microneedle, single cell

The single cell analysis (SCA) has been emphasized to provide biologists and scientists to peer into the molecular machinery of individual cells. For the application of medical diagnosis, detection of cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria cells in blood is utilized as a diagnosing infectious disease. It is reported that detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood has shown to be clinically important for early stage metastasis or recurrence of cancer. The presence of rare CTCs in blood is ranging from only 1–100 CTCs/ml blood [1]. *Plasmodium falciparum* malaria, which kills mainly children in developing countries infected the blood sample of patients at concentration of ~1/50 μl of blood [2]. Nowadays, the analysis of single cell in biological measurements and medical research has emerged as a distinct new field and acknowledged to be one of the fundamental building blocks of life [3]. Amongst of various single cell analysis, cell impedance measurement has become an effective method of biological measurement [4]. The physiological behavior of the cells and their corresponding molecular expressions have significant effect on the cell membrane and cytoplasm conductivity and dielectric constant, which in turn affects the overall impedance characteristics [5]. For that reason, the impedance
