**8. Conclusion**

*Current and Future Aspects of Nanomedicine*

vaccine prototype in vivo [62].

**7. Current situation and future perspective**

antibodies are measured in blood (for humeral response such as; T and B lymphocytes, IgGs) or splenic (cellular response like ILs and IFNs) samples from the immunized BALB/c mice via the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determinate the highest antibody level. Thus, the most suitable peptidebased vaccine prototypes will be identified for future clinical phase studies. In brief, cell culture and toxicity studies are important before the analyses the effect of

Peptides can affect important brain regions that are essential for life-sustaining functions. There are studies about Peptide drug and Peptide-Polymer Vaccines and drugs using for brain disorders. In this future perspective we will explain the using of peptides in common brain disorders such as Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis. In a study using an interferenceinducing peptide (TAT-DATNT) to elute a protein complex consisting of interaction between DAT and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), it was determined that locomotor behaviors were induced in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. This peptide can provide potential therapy for regulating the activity of DAT and dopaminergic neurotransmission of Attention Hyperactivity Deficit Disorder (ADHD) therapies [63]. Alpha Synuclein (A-syn) aggregate is very important for the PD. Against of this aggregate, an immunogenic peptide the sequence of CGGVDPDN [64] is developed with solid phase peptide synthesis method as a vaccine in PD. Peptides can also be neuroprotection for the PD. TFP5 peptide, FITCGGGKEAFWDRCLSVINLMSSKMLQINAYARAARRAARR; TP5 peptide, KEAFWDRCLSVINLMSSKMLQINAYARAARRAARR; SCP peptide, FITCGGGGGGFWDRCLSGKGKMSSKGGGINAYARAARRAARR are reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. **MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)** is a neurotoxin drug of MPP+, which causes permanent symptoms of PD by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain for mouse modeling [65]. PD01A is a Phase 1 epitope vaccine in experimental — a synthetic a-syn mimicking peptide-polymer based on a-syn aggregate by inducing an immune response that generates antibodies specifically against it [66]. In general, vaccines are developed according to the T cell response, but a peptide epitope with a three-celled peptide epitope with a three-cell universal peptide such as Syn85-99 (AGSIAAATGFVKKDD), α-Syn109-126 (QEGILEDMPVDPDNEAYE), α-Syn126-140 (EMPSEEGYQDYEPEA) and P30 (*FNNFTVSFWLRVPKVSASHLE*) epitope vaccines comprising three peptide-based epitope vaccines comprising different α-Syn peptides, but consisting of different B cell epitopes as follows, are noted for their high immunogenicity [67]. So peptides can have different immune cell response in brain disorders. Peptides can also protect cell biological agents such as microtubules activity. This is very important for cell stability while the diseases are seen in the cells. The dysregulation of ADNP / ADNP2 expression in the relevant brain tissue and animal model may improve the prognosis of schizophrenia because these genes are responsible for the regulation of interacting microtubules. The microtubule-interacting drug candidate, NAP (davunetide) is a small peptide and belong to activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) which contains a small peptide motif, *NAPVSIPQ* sequence that provides potent neuroprotection for tau pathology, neuronal cell death as well as social and cognitive dysfunctions [68]. Especially in Amyloid beta pathology, *DAEFRHDSGY* peptide, Wang et al. synthesized peptide immunogens, A1-14 peptide immunogens for *UBITh®* AD immunotherapeutic vaccine by using automated SPPS for the Alzheimer Disease.

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Consequently, this chapter provides a brief manual for anyone in the fields of solid-phase peptide synthesis, peptide vaccines, Nanotechnological importance for effective vaccine prototypes, and their future perspective for other diseases such as brain disorders.
