Nonverbal Communication in Technology

**Chapter 2**

*Mahesh Goyani*

presence of noise and so forth.

**1. Introduction**

**1.1 Background**

**11**

**Abstract**

Nonverbal Communication

Diverse Conditions

through Facial Expression in

In this chapter, we investigated computer vision technique for facial expression recognition, which increase both - the recognition rate and computational efficiency. Local and global appearance-based features are combined in order to incorporate precise local texture and global shapes. We proposed Multi-Level Haar (MLH) feature based system, which is simple and fast in computation. The driving factors behind using the Haar were its two interesting properties - signal compression and energy preservation. To depict the importance of facial geometry, we first segmented the facial components like eyebrows, eye, and mouth, and then applied feature extraction on these facial components only. Experiments are conducted on three well known publicly available expression datasets CK, JAFFE, TFEID and inhouse WESFED dataset. The performance is measured against various template matching and machine learning classifiers. We achieved highest recognition rate for proposed operator with Discriminant Analysis Classifier. We studied the performance of proposed approach in several scenarios like expression recognition from low resolution, recognition from small training sample space, recognition in the

**Keywords:** facial expression recognition, multi-level Haar, local mean binary

Communication is not possible without some channel. Communication between

Facial expression provides an important behavioral measure for studies of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction [2]. For a human being, recognition of face and facial expression is a trivial task. We discriminate the faces with almost

human is modeled by two ways: multiplicity and modality. Multiplicity defines more than one way for the communication and modality defines the way human senses are used to perceive signals from outer world [1]. Speech and vocal information are communicated through the auditory channel, whereas facial expression is communicated via the visual channel. Organs such as nose, ear, skin provides the different modalities for the communication. Multi-channel communication is highly robust; failure of one channel can be compensated by another channel.

pattern, local Haar mean binary pattern, classification
