*3.2.1 Dependent variables*

There are many ways to measure Firm Financial Performance. However, in this study, we use the return on assets (**ROA**). ROA is an accounting measure, calculated by reporting the result before taxes and interest to the total assets. It has the advantage of providing information on the operating profitability of the business by eliminating the effect of debt and corporate tax. This ratio provides information on the performance of the company in carrying out its "business" regardless of the financing structure.
