**3. A livable city; resilient toward the face of climate change**

At present, city resilience has become a new focus in landscape ecological research and urban problem research. Holling [33] was the first to define resilience's concept in ecology and discuss ecological systems' strength. Further understanding develops the socio-cultural, economic, and urban environmental problems also has implications for the shifting elements of the development of the concept of urban resilience. Timmerman [28] then developed the idea of social resilience by equating with the ability to cope with climate change. The resilience defines as a system's ability to overcome interference [34], rearrange while maintaining function, structure, identity, and feedback to normalize the already running system [30].

The implementation of the urban resilience Concept is now expanding to include human social networks [29], adaptability to disaster recovery [35], security resilience [36], even resistance in populating the Covid-19 pandemic. Based on previous research, this discussion defines resilience as the ability to respond to internal and external risk pressures through absorption, adaptation, and transformation within existing basic structures and functions. The application of the idea of the strength to the City's ecological system aims to address urban problems related to climate change [37] and disasters to take action to prevent and mitigate urban hazards [38]. Thus, urban resilience as a process can interpret as an effort to increase the ability to absorb and respond to the effects of disasters and reorganize to overcome disruptions in achieving normal conditions after disaster stress or change [39]. Resilience as a system allows the system to adapt to change [40, 41].

Resilience is the capacity of the socio-ecological system and its components in dealing with dangerous pressures. It occurs at the right time and efficiently to respond, adapt and change ways to restore, maintain, and improve the main functions, structures, and identities in preserving the capacity to grow and change in a particular entity. Thus, the notion of the resilient City is a city that can survive and absorb the impacts of hazards, shocks, and stresses through adaptation or transformation to ensure long-term sustainability and essential functions, characteristics, and structures. A resilient city reflects the municipality's capacity through individuals, communities, institutions, companies, and systems to survive, adapt, and develop, no matter how hard or severe the surprises are faced. Resilience has three main aspects: persistence, adaptability, and transformation ability, each of which integrates and collaborates from a local to a global scale. Resilience refers to individuals, households, groups in society, or systems to absorb and recover from the impacts and dangers of climate change and other long-term shocks and pressures. Urban resilience planning carried out to analyze the impact of pressures, possible changes faced by a city.

*Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model in Improving the Quality of Green Open Space… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94481*

Therefore, the plan requires evaluating the City's vulnerability, understanding of processes, procedures, interactions, and capacity building to develop several infrastructural components and their interactions with the primary goal of achieving livable city resilience with spatial resilience support. Based on the description above, it can summarize the City's Resilience related to the following matters:


4.The ability of urban challenges.

According to Lu et al., [42], Urban Spatial Resilience is an urban spatial system that can resist, adapt, and recover from pressure and change. Lu focuses on the urban spatial, which is based on the physical attributes of the spatial material. Spatial resilience used to understand urban space as a complex social ecosystem. This conception of Spatial Resilience includes literacy about resilience. Theoretically, the research on urban spatial resilience enhances resilience theory and also complements existing literature on urban spatial resilience at various scales.

The theoretical framework of urban space resilience, according to Lu Lu et al., is classified into five dimensions, namely: the scale of urban spatial, urban spatial structure, the urban spatial form, urban spatial function, and urban spatial network (**Figure 2**). Urban disaster mitigation can anticipate through urban spatial resilience, which must be considered by policymakers and planners by considering

**Figure 2.** *Components of urban spatial resilience. Adopted from Lu [42].*

#### *Corporate Social Responsibility*

the promotion of urban spatial resilience to deal with disaster events and uncertain conditions. The complexity of the problem of Urban Resilience requires active participation from stakeholders by creating collaboration between government, experts, and the community in various stages of planning and resilient city planning. So, city planning using a spatial resilience approach aims to reduce urban risk toward the face of climate change.
