**5. GOS improving quality through Green City development program**

Implementation of sustainable development in Indonesia carried out through several city development policies. One of these policies is the Green City Development Program (GCDP). This program was initiated by the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works to adopt the concept of a green city to increase the quantity and quality of urban green space orientation [7]. The GCDP policy implementation intended to provide direction on the provision of urban space in urban planning and design practices. The GCDP policy has to follow up with preparing an urban GOS Master Plan development, which translates into program policies implemented. Following Article 3 of Law 26 of 2007, urban planning in the application must pay attention to harmony between the natural environment and the artificial environment. The development of green cities in their implementation refers to the eight attributes of green cities, as a reference in maintaining the balance of the natural and artificial environment. The eight attribute are; (1) Green Planning and design; (2) Green Open Space; (3) Green Community: (4) Green Building concept policy; (5) Green Waste; (6) Green Energy; (7) Green Water; and (8) Green Transportation (**Table 1**).

According to Lundquist 2007 [71], urban planning and design have to use the principles of sustainable development with community involvement, in ensuring environmentally friendly city development by utilizing water and energy resources effectively and efficiently, waste reducing, implementing integrated transportation systems, ensuring environmental health, and synergize the natural and artificial environment. The success of the GCDP can reflect the collective movement of all elements of the city stakeholders, which requires initiatives based on various techniques and policies in applying the principles of sustainable city development [7]. The GCDP is a city government program that needs broad community participation support. Stakeholder participation through CSR is a form of community participation by providing development funds from the business sector and individual communities (**Figure 4**).

Following the provisions of Law No. 26 of 2007 concerning spatial planning, a city GOS must meet the minimum requirements of 30% of the City's total area. This regulation is then technically regulated in the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2007 concerning the Preparation of GOS in Urban Areas. In Article 9 paragraph 1 of the Minister's regulation, it stipulated that urban GOS planning requires an ideal GOS area of at least 30% for each metropolitan area (Article 9, Paragraph 1), where the GOS area consists of public and private green spaces (Article 9, Section 2). The provision of green open space is the city government's responsibility that follows the financial capabilities of each region (Article 9, Paragraph 3). Requirements regarding private green space are the responsibility of the private sector or institutions, individuals, and communities controlled through the use of space permits by the city government (Article 9, Paragraph 4).

*Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model in Improving the Quality of Green Open Space… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94481*

The purpose of the policy on the provision and utilization of urban space is to maintain the sustainability and balance of the urban ecosystem, including elements of the social and cultural environment. GOS has a significant ecological function, namely to improve the quality of the microclimate, decrease urban heat, reduce



#### **Table 1.**

*Implementation of GCDP policy and its attributes.*

*Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model in Improving the Quality of Green Open Space… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94481*

**Figure 4.** *Stakeholders involvement participation in an urban forum.*

carbon emissions, absorb groundwater, and create a balanced urban environment. Increasing the quantity and quality of GOS is very important in controlling and maintaining the city environment's carrying capacity. Urban planning must function as an effort to control proportional and balanced urban development between the function of cultivation and the City's ecological role. Several studies discussing the use of GOS as inclusive public space are also critical and the environmental service of some open urban areas with historical values that need to preserve.

Provision of urban open space in Malang, in fact, conceptually, the public metropolitan area's rule has been made through regulatory requirements related to urban public space. However, it has not supported yet by technical regulations and compliance with the implementation of existing rules. Based on Malang City's Green Open Space Plan, GOS needs can divide into two categories, namely: (1) Increasing the quantity of city GOS; and (2) Improving the quality of the City's Green GOS through the City Green open space revitalization program. According to the Malang GOS Master Plan, the current area of Malang public GOS is 18.14%, based on existing regulations there is still a shortage of 11.86% to reach a minimum area of 30% city area. City Spatial Planning, City Spatial Planning Details, and City Green Open Space Master Plan should function as a control device to ensure that 30% of urban green open space is needed. In the process of controlling the Green City, Management Information System required to answer the problem of providing, utilizing, and managing urban GOS.

According to Respati Wikantiyoso et al. [7], GOS quality improvement can reduce the extent of open space, even though the area's quality has improved. The revitalization process's spatial change pattern depends on efforts to increase the spatial facilities to be added. Changes in passive GOS to active space will undoubtedly have implications for reducing space because there is additional space for new activities. Level of change (reduction) due to design decisions and functions of the public space to be provided. It is essential to carry out a public consultation process to design a new open space.

Improving the quality of GOS as an effort to realize the spatial resilience of urban space refers to the analytical framework presented by Lu. Refer to Lu, GOS revitalization must pay attention to the dimensions of scale, structure, shape, function, and urban spatial networks. The revitalization scope must consider the aspects of the urban GOS scale to developed, spatial structures forme, spatial manifestations, spatial functions, and how the spatial linkages of the aspects mobility,

circulation of activities between existing services. To ensure the quality of urban open space and achieve urban spatial resilience conditions, strategic efforts are needed. These efforts include;

