**7. Concluding remarks**

Corporate Social Responsibility in India has gone through a series of changes. A 'comply or explain' model of corporate governance was deemed to be less than successful and the Government has now moved towards a mandatory enforceable model of corporate governance, albeit, with a civil liability attached to it rather than a criminal liability. It is worth considering here whether a mandatory regime of CSR will be effective. It is likely that a mandatory scheme of CSR will compel more companies to contribute towards CSR and CSR expenditure figures in India will increase. However, on a more normative level, such a conception of mandatory CSR operates almost as a tax; CSR implies an inherent business responsibility where businesses take socially conscious decisions and even go beyond that to improve the local community and other stakeholders. Mandating CSR then will operate only as box-ticking compliance rather than changing the way companies make decisions.
