**6. CSR potential in GOS quality improvement**

The European Community Commission (2001) defines CSR as a concept, integrating social and environmental care in business operations to voluntarily interact with stakeholders. This interaction based on the interests of public and private entities [3, 72], some researchers believe the implementation of CSR policies can improve corporate financial performance [72] and can increase acceptance, and public trust in the company. Cooperation between the government and the private company sector in providing urban infrastructure is needed to improve urban development's financial capacity [73]. Based on the governance theory, it stated that providing public support must increasingly rely on substantial public participation. As such, the government's role no longer consists of directing and monitoring, but coordinating the network and identifying instruments that can help motivate the system to fulfill the provision of city infrastructure and GOS [74].

The company is interested in providing CSR funds as a form of responsibility to the community and its environment [75]. The company, through its business excellence, has roles and responsibilities in developing the surrounding environment. The provision of CSR in city development must provide benefits to local governments; not only financial factors but also the city environment (see **Figure 5**). Companies' CSR provision based on standards, guidelines, or norms follows applicable regulations [76]. Applying these standards recommends that organizations consider the diversity of society, environment, law, culture, politics, and organization and differences in economic conditions, by maintaining consistency in international norms.

The company will set aside the benefits for the surrounding community's benefit, as a form of compensation that package informs CSR. The initial idea of social responsibility watches oriented to philanthropic activities such as charitable giving. At present, the form of CSR implementation is increasingly shifting and varying according to *Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Model in Improving the Quality of Green Open Space… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94481*

#### **Figure 5.**

*CSR contributions for GOS quality improvement in Malang city; functionally, socially and healthy for the community. Other CSR project from the air: https://bit.ly/2BMMfSc*

the needs of community development. According to Julia Taufik et al., 2010 [77], CSR is the theoretical basis of companies' need to build harmonious relationships with the surrounding community. Corporate social responsibility can define as the company's moral responsibility toward its stakeholders' strategies, especially for the community around the work area. One of the moral principles in running a company is to do business by promoting honest and ethical principles that will provide the most significant benefit to society and the company [1].

The expansion of the scope of CSR is encouraged by adequate regulatory procedures. Changes in the CSR paradigm are increasingly opening opportunities for local governments to utilize alternative funds through CSR. Implementation of the CSR concept involves the responsibility of partnerships between the government, community resource institutions, and the community, which is a socially shared responsibility between stakeholders. The complexity of social problems in the last decade and the implementation of decentralization have placed CSR as a concept that expected to provide breakthroughs in empowering urban communities. CSR activities in developing countries are described as sustainable and extensive, although they tend to be less formalized, more submerged, and more philanthropic and natural [78].

From several definitions of CSR, it can conclude that CSR is a commitment of a company or business to contribute resources in sustainable development as a form of corporate social responsibility by emphasizing the continuing attention on economic, social, and environmental aspects. Through CSR, the Green Open Space development program is an effort to improve the function of urban open space as an ecological function and socio-cultural purposes for public activities funded by CSR providers. The GOS revitalization project shows that the reduction or change of soft area to a variety of hard space percentages. The percentage change is more due to design decisions and the function of public space to be revitalized. The design carried out through a consultation mechanism between the CSR providers, designated planners, the Housing And Settlement Technical Team (DKP), and resource persons from various parties appointed by the DKP. **Table 2** shows that the


#### **Table 2.**

*The calculation of the reduction of green open space on the revitalization program.*

reduction in green open space ranges from 5–45% of the revitalized space area, with a reduced 23.62% [1]. According to Erik, former chairman of DKP, the green space reduction due to the revitalization program is 20%. The tolerance limit must have consequences for the need to provide replacement land. However, this provision is still not in the regional regulation on Malang Green Open Space Master Plan. Thus, new rules on the substitution of GOS have to design because of the improvement and change in the function of some green public space for public spaces.

Community participation through CSR programs and grants, if appropriately managed, will increase public confidence in urban development management. Accountability and transparency of CSR funds and endowments are the keys to successfully driving CRS and providing funding as an alternative to the city development funding, especially green open space. Stakeholder involvement in urban development is a long and sustainable process that requires accountability, transparency, and commitment by the city government [79] to ensure that the GOS revitalization program is in urban communities' interests. The GOS development program's openness to every part of the City will provide an excellent opportunity for the district to participate in implementing the city plan [80]. Through the Office of Housing and Settlements, the city government must prepare all rules and regulations regarding the terms and conditions for implementing CSR in the GOS revitalization policy.
