**Acknowledgements**

*Parasitology and Microbiology Research*

**5. Conclusions and future directions**

and combination of different interventions. See methodology for bibliometric analysis.

**6.2 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging**

acaricides.

risks for the workers.

**6. Methodology**

**6.1 Bibliometric analysis**

reviewed in this work.

absence of metallic coating.

**6.3 Points of action for control measures**

assessment of novel antigens [91]. Vaccines can be considered as an alternative and complementary intervention for PRM control, which can reduce the use of

The negative impact of the PRM infestations have become more relevant with recent changes in the production systems, and it is expected to become worse as the market demands more welfare focused systems that reduce the options for controlling poultry infestations. These changes in the production procedures should include increased concerns in biosecurity and monitorization in order to achieve a better understanding of the mite ecology on each farm. PRM infestations constitute a challenge for the modern industry to guarantee hen welfare and prevention of

Omics are a promising tool for enhancing the understanding of the mite-host interactions. These techniques are needed to resolve questions that are yet to be answered such as the determination of the role of the PRM as biological vectors for both poultry and human pathogens and the different mechanisms involved in the immune response in hens or if there are any on the mite side to modulate its host response. Alternative control methods and particularly vaccine are urgently needed for the effective and sustainable control of PRM infestations with the optimization

A bibliometric analysis was performed in the web database Scopus (https:// www.scopus.com) with the search code "dermanyssus AND gallinae" (date accessed: Sep 16, 2019). The search generated a total of 418 entries, from which 56 entries (14.4%) were published in the last 2 years (2018 and 2019). After the search was completed, we selected those references that addressed the main topics

Images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used in **Figure 1** to show morphological characters that are useful for species identification [14]. The adult female mite used for SEM photography was dehydrated in absolute ethanol for 24 h. Specimens were mounted onto standard aluminum SEM stubs using conductive carbon adhesive tabs. Mites were observed and photographed with a field emission scanning electron microscope (Zeiss GeminiSEM 500, Oberkochen, Germany) operating in high vacuum mode at an accelerating voltage of 2 kV in the

The determination of the points of action for the different control measures was obtained based on the data available in previous works [1, 20, 22, 74–77, 79,

**244**

82, 103, 104].

JFLB was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Spain), Doctorado Industrial contract (DI-14-06917) and Sabiotec SA. MV was supported by the University of Castilla- La Mancha (Spain).
