**5. Nanobiotechnology in designing of drug delivery system**

Among the new technologies, nano-biotechnology has evoked considerable interest for application in the pharmaceutical industry. Important applications of nano-biotechnology are in the areas of drug discovery, drug development, and drug delivery, and these are collectively referred to as nano-pharmaceuticals. Nano-biotechnology, particularly the use of nanoparticles, has made significant contributions to drug discovery and development [18]. In addition to the use of nano-biotechnology for drug discovery, some drugs are being developed from nanomaterials. Well-known examples of these are dendrimers, fullerenes, and nano-bodies. At present time increasing the use of nano-biotechnology in many pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries is anticipated. In case of drug development from formulate to appropriate dose to administer with optimal delivery systems, nanotechnology is being utilized at all the stages. Nano-biotechnology applications are also involving in diagnosis of diseases. In future it may be possible to computers are connected with nanobiotechnology systems and provide the appropriate and complete knowledge about complete model or an individual cell. This virtual representation might be helpful for researcher or scientist to develop novel drugs with high rate of accuracy and precision without conducting any experiment in living organisms.

The major challenges in front of drug delivery scientists are poor solubility, high molecular size and low bioavailability for clinical candidates. Other challenges in this field are pediatric and geriatric drug administration, protein and peptide drug delivery etc. Today's major demand in drug delivery field is to develop ideal, safe and effective, non-invasive drug delivery methods.

Nano-biotechnology sector play a significant role to overcome the above drug delivery problems. It provides the following solution related drug delivery problems: (a) With the help of this technology particle size of drugs is reduced in nanometer size range, it enhance the surface area and ultimately improve rate of dissolution, (b) Nano-meter size range of drug also useful to improve their solubility, (c) With the help of this technology scientists trying to develop noninvasive routes of drug administration method which can eliminates the use of injectable drugs, (d) developed nanoparticle formulations has better alternate for non-stable and lower shelf lives formulations, (e) nanotechnology based formulations improved the solubility of poorly soluble drug and enhance absorption capability, improved bioavailability and release rate of large molecules, reduced the optimum dose and enhance the safety margin by reducing the side effects, (f) Nano-biotechnology principles help in developing of Sustain and controlled release formulations with better patient compliance [19].

**25**

**Figure 2.**

*Role of Nanobiotechnology in Drug Discovery, Development and Molecular Diagnostic*

Nano technology has gained enormous popularity in recent past decades. In lay man language nano technology is defined as the use of least possible input to get maximum possible output. Nano word is used in terms of size. This technology is considered as wonderful amalgamation of physics and chemistry. When this technique is applied with biology, it brings about a new field termed as Nanobiotechnology; where biochemical processes are modified to get far better results

As far as the medical field is concerned, the harness of nano- biotechnology for diagnostic purpose is successfully obtained (**Figure 2**). It assists to develop more sensitive diagnostic kits than that of existing one. Such instruments are suitable to probe the bodily problems at cellular pores and receptor level. Moreover, it is due to tiny sized diagnostic materials the degree of toxic and adverse effects have been markedly reduced. New dimensions of diagnostic tools have been explored with the aid of this cutting edge technique. Several modifications are still under develop-

Gold nano-particles are also termed as metallic particles. These are produced from gold salts of either organic, aqueous or both origins. A suitable stabilizer is used to get stable particles with good ligand binding capacity. Usable size of particles is ranging between 3 and 100 nm. The major application is due to their

Magnetic nano particles are formulated from magnetic materials like Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and many other ferrites. Nanoparticles can be incorporated with bio- marker moieties so that they can be utilized to investigate various biomolecules and help in different processes like separation and purification. The involvement of surface coating materials is significant to ascertain the size and kinetics of these particles. That's why the nature of coating materials should be examined before use [21]. Quantum dots are semiconductor nano-crystals that are easy to synthesize and have characteristic properties that are between those of bulk semiconductor and discrete molecules. Their diameter ranges from 2 to 10 nm. Their fluorescent

Carbon nano tubes are composed of graphite. On the basis of number of graphite, these nano tubes are categorized into two classes- tubes with only one layer of graphite

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92796*

**6. Nano-biotechnology in molecular diagnostic**

than that of simple bio technological procedures.

**6.1 Nano-particles used in the diagnosis**

electronic, optical, and thermal properties [20].

property relies on size of the quantum dot [22].

*Application of nanobiotechnology for molecular diagnosis.*

mental phase.

*Role of Nanobiotechnology in Drug Discovery, Development and Molecular Diagnostic DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92796*
