**2. Nanobiotechnology**

*Applications of Nanobiotechnology*

order to improve human health.

revolution [2].

challenges, costing revolution and various other barriers. Recently, all pharmaceutical companies giving importance to common processes including cloning and expressing human receptors and enzymes for discovering innovative drugs, that allow high throughput, automated screening and the application of combinatorial chemistries. Presently, the drug discovery industry should have massive amounts of data about life's molecular components in the area of genomics and proteomics

The Pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms have spent billions of dollars on novel technologies in order to improve productivity, accelerate the drug discovery

Nanotechnology refers to development of innovative research and technology at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular level with controlled manipulation, and the study of structures and devices are done in the 1 to 100 nanometers range. The conclusive remark at this scale, Nanoparticle take on beneficial novel properties and functions like small size, surface tailorability, improved solubility, and multifunctionality as compared to seen in the bulk scale. This nanofield may open many new avenues of research for biologists. The novel nanotechnology using nano-materials can interact with complex biological organ consuming low level of biomolecules. The development and design of multifunctional nanoparticle offers new opportunity for interdisciplinary researchers that can target, diagnose and treat diseases such as cancer. Within the field of discovery and development of nanomaterials, nanotechnology focuses to improve diagnostic methods, improved drug loaded delivery system for the effective and enhanced therapy. Now a days, the scientific community is paying attention on the physical, chemical and biological properties of nano-sized materials so that development of new applications can be done in

Earlier the nanotechnological concepts have been discussed in 1959 by physicist Richard Feynman during his talk "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," describing manipulation of atom is a key to possible different method of synthesis. In 1974, Norio Taniguchi used the term "nanotechnology." The scanning tunneling microscope was invented in the year 1981, ensures the clear visibility of individual atoms and bonds. Initially the term nanotechnology was used in designing nanoscale devices studying about carbon nanotube [3]. The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) defines nanotechnology as research and development of nanosized delivery system with novel functional properties. Subsequently manipulation of atoms could be possible to create efficient nanomaterials with characterized *invitro* and *invivo* parameters. Thus the inherent nanoscale functional properties to the biological tissues, proves that nanotechnology could be feasible for the application to the life sciences successfully. With growing research in the field of nanotechnology, large number of nanotechnologies using nanomaterials has been studied, but there is no study about safety and toxicity. For this purpose *in vitro* diagnostic use of nanotechnology without any safety risks to people and *in vivo* characterization of nanoparticles, ranging smaller size <50 nm in size, were studied. The smaller size of nanoparticle concerns over the entry and localization of the particles in to the cells, but there are still many unanswered questions related to huge diversity of materials used and its wide range in the sizes of nanoparticles, these effects will vary a lot. It has been conceived by many researchers that particular sizes might turn out to have toxic effects and consequently further investigation are required. The FDA approval is mandatory for clinically approval the applications of nanotechnology and substantial regulatory problems in the nanotechnology-based product. Consequently the term "nanobiotechnology," has come in to existence as a unique fusion of biotechnology and nanotechnology [4]. This article will provide an integrated overview of application of nanobiotechnology based

and development processes and sustain market share.

**20**

The word "Nanobiotechnology" is a combined study of "The Nanotechnology" including design, development and application of nanomaterials & devices and "The Biotechnology" including the various function of biological site like microorganisms [4]. The field of nanobiotechnology will grow in the development and discovery of drug in upcoming scenario at exponential rate, Where atom or molecule level devices can be constructed by incorporation of drug in to suitable biocompatible delivery system. Hence nanobiotechnology can help various aspects of biological problem with the help of nanotechnology and information technology. This technology has capacity to build bridge among different branches of sciences providing newer challenges and opening new door in the field of research & diagnostics, education in the near future [5]. Relation between nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are the terms referring to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Nanobiotechnology includes recent advances in nanotechnology to improve biotechnology, and bionanotechnology, which aims to have advantage of natural/biomimetic approaches to create devices with nanosize range [6].

This article will focus on the principal trends and the implications of nanobiotechnology in drug discovery, development and molecular diagnostic.
