**7. Concluding remark**

*Microorganisms*

*6.2.3 Fructose in medicine*

grabbing finding [50].

*6.2.7 Immunomodulatory effect*

with Crohn's illness [52].

*6.2.8 Cancer treatment*

*6.2.9 Antibiotic therapy*

*6.2.10 Antioxidant properties*

ate controls [54].

*6.2.4 Proficient sweetener for diabetics*

excavating its application as a food ingredient [49].

*6.2.6 Dietary intonation of the human colonic microbiota*

by the Butyrate manufactured by FOS and fructose [53].

Fructose is very frequently found as sweetener in cough suppressants, decongestant drops, rubs, and liquids for children and adults. Many pharmaceutical tablets,

Inulinase from *Aspergillus oryzae* carries out hydrolysis liberating fructose and FOSs. Existence of mono to pentasaccharides without toxic microbial metabolites in the hydrolyzed product was assessed with NMR spectroscopy and LC-MS, thus

The retrieval of overall bacterial counts amplified by ingestion of OES and fructose to pigs with acute diarrhea induced by cholera toxin was the most attention

A trifling prebiotic effect with no gastrointestinal distress in pediatric patients

Clinical trials direct that fructose and FOS supplementation can reduce the influx of clinical inflammation, abridged level in cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α, and necrosis factor-α in ulcerative colitis by *Bacillus longum*. A shoot-up in IL10 positive mucosal dendritic due to inulin, fructose, and FOS intake was displayed in patients

Incidence of cancer has been rapidly decreasing due to the use of FOS and fructose. Tumor growth, cell differentiation, and upregulate apoptosis were vetoed

Damage of normal protective intestinal microflora was a common observation found to be accompanied with acute diarrhea after been treatment with penicillin, cephalosporin, and clindamycin antibiotics. Double-blind randomized controlled trials were set, which efficaciously explain that in the course of antibiotic treatment

Mesa and his coworkers studied protein glycation and cross linking along with the effect of elevated temperature and proteolysis on antioxidant properties of the Maillard reaction mixtures of soy protein isolates, FOS, and fructose with appropri-

reoccurrence of diarrhea was shortened in patients ingesting fructose.

syrups, and solutions commonly have fructose as an excipient [48].

*6.2.5 Supplementing oral electrolyte solutions as diarrhea control remedy*

with cancer was found to be induced by FOS, especially fructose [51].

**252**

The current review discloses the elucidations of many global researchers specifically highlighting on the isolation of novel inulinase-producing rhizospheric microbial flora to hydrolyze high inulin content in weeds, thereby serving as a potential, abundant, and profitable avenue of fructose production with vast industrial applications. The food and pharmaceutical preparations with fructose have extended at the top in the market demand list of health conscious modern era. Thereby, the enzyme production expenses linger to be the logjam in understanding its commercial application.

Thus, this review explores the exploitation of inulin containing weeds such as *Tithonia* and *Cosmos* as low-value and efficacious replacement of synthetic inulin as substrates for inulinase production. The research embarked on the health implications of dietary and pharmaceutical fructoses was underlined in the review. Finally, electrifying new uses of fructan polysaccharides such as drug stabilizers, scrupulous release drug delivery systems, and vaccine adjuvants proclaims evolution in pharmaceutical applications of this extremely multipurpose plant-derived sugar.
