Meet the editor

Dr. Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales received his Medical Doctor (MD) degree from the Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, and his Master of Sciences in Protozoology/Parasitology (MSc) from the Universidad de Los Andes, Trujillo, Venezuela. He received his Diploma in Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (DT-M&H) from the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birming-

ham, Alabama, USA. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society for Tropical Medicine & Hygiene (FRSTMH), London, United Kingdom; a Fellow of the Faculty of Travel Medicine (FFTM) of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (RCPSG), Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; and a Fellow of the American College of Epidemiology (FACE), USA. He is a Doctor of Sciences honoris causa (HonDSc) from the Universidad Privada Franz Tamayo (UniFranz), Cochabamba, Bolivia. Prof. Rodriguez-Morales is the President of the Travel Medicine Committee, Pan American Infectious Diseases Association, and the Vicepresident of the Colombian Infectious Diseases Association (2019-2021). He is a Member of the Council (2020-2026) of the International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID). He is a Senior Researcher of Colciencias (2015-2021), and a Professor at the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira and Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. He is also a Visiting Professor at multiple national and international universities (H index=35, 508 articles at Scopus, 462 at PubMed and 441 at Web of Sciences).

Contents

**Section 1**

in the Americas

*and Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales*

(The Conceptual Idea) *by Diana Dimitrova*

*and Shannan L. Rossi*

*and Pablo Manrique-Saide*

The Eye and the Zika Virus

*and Fabio Daniel Padilla-Pantoja*

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Epidemiology **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

**Chapter 3 29**

Clinical Aspects **49**

**Chapter 4 51**

**Chapter 5 65**

Clinical Manifestations in Pregnant Women and Congenital Abnormalities in Fetus and Newborns during a Zika Transmission Period in South Mexico *by Norma Pavía-Ruz, Silvina Noemí Contreras-Capetillo, Yamila Romer, Nina Valadez Gonzalez, Hector Gómez-Dantés, Gonzalo Vázquez-Prokopec* 

*by Dayron Fernando Martínez-Pulgarín, Carlos Miguel Córdoba-Ortega* 

Introductory Chapter: Zika 2015-2020 - Knowledge and Experience

Risk Management of Zika in Context of Medical Provision and in Favor of Disaster Medicine: New Opportunities for Risk Reduction

*by Carlos Andrés Rosero-Oviedo, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana,* 

*Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina, Wilmer E. Villamil-Gómez* 

Animal Models of Zika Virus Sexual Transmission *by Rafael K. Campos, Erin M. McDonald, Aaron C. Brault* 

## Contents



Preface

Before 2013, yellow fever and dengue were the main arboviruses of concern in the Latin American region. However, after December of that year, chikungunya arrived in the region, and a couple of years later Zika virus (ZIKV) [1–16]. Zika is another virus transmitted by vectors (arboviruses) affecting not only people living in the tropics, but also travelers and migrating populations [17–20]. Zika has impacted significantly on the health of the Americas, especially in Central and South America, due to the large number of cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome that have been reported

in the association, as well, especially due to microcephaly and the Congenital Zika Syndrome, which was the reason for it to be declared on February 2016 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health

Keeping these issues in mind, this book includes different topics regarding research and clinical topics related to Zika virus research in the last five years in the Americas as well as in the World. This book has been organized in three major sections: Epidemiology; Clinical Aspects; and Zika and Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

Commissioning of this book by IntechOpen editorial has been related in part to my long commitment to vector-borne, zoonotic, and neglected tropical diseases, being involved as Co-Chair of the Working Group on Zoonoses of the International Society for Chemotherapy (WGZ-ISC), as well as in Colombia at the Committee on Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine of the Colombian Association of Infectious Diseases (Asociación Colombiana de Infectología, ACIN) and more recently important, as the Chair of the Colombian Collaborative Network of Research on Zika (Red Colombiana de Colaboración en Zika) (RECOLZIKA), since January 2016. RECOLZIKA has contributed to multiple aspects of the research on Zika in Colombia and other countries in Latin America, including about the Congenital Zika Syndrome as well as on the Guillain-Barré, among other clinical consequences of this arboviral disease (more than 50 papers in journals indexed on

Scopus, Web of Sciences and PubMed, among other databases).

I have been involved in tropical diseases for the last two decades, including

leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, as well as dengue, and since 2014, chikungunya and emerging arboviruses, such as Zika and Mayaro. After moving from Venezuela to Colombia in 2011, I have been involved in research of tropical diseases in Risaralda, such as leishmaniasis (still prevalent in the area), where we still keep working on this important neglected condition. Part of all this is a clear reflection of the work at the Research Group Infection Public Health and Infection (classified A1 by Colciencias) of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, directed by Dr. Guillermo Javier Lagos-Grisales, not just a partner, a colleague and mainly a friend, an extreme believer in our work in vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. But, I must recognize also the beginning of a significant collaboration after a meeting in Cartagena in 2013, during the Colombian Congress of Infectious Diseases, where I met Dr. Wilmer Ernesto Villamil-Gómez, from Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia, also part

Organization (WHO) [1–16].

*by Thomas Harbo and Henning Andersen*
