**2.5 Energy supply**

118 The Future of Humanoid Robots – Research and Applications

Copyright T. Bock, Picture taken at Hanyang University, Laboratory of Prof. Han.

University, Korea, 2011.

Electric Motors

Air Pressure

Series Elastic Actuators

 Electroactive Polymers Piezoelectric Actuators

**2.4 Actuator and control system technology** 

Muscle Wire (e.g. Shape Memory Alloy)

construction and building technology.

power, motion/sensing and cognition augmentation:

Fig. 5. Fully functioning system for tele-operation of robotic excavators, the excavators can operate on a high level of autonomy; the excavation process is monitored by separate laser module (picture right side) providing information to the robotic excavator. Hanyang

Complex systems of actuators, joints and links are controlled based on information sensed and interpreted by internal and external sensor systems. Actuators create the activity and movement within robotic systems. Today following actuation systems are used in a robotic

Besides the increasing ability to downsize motors it is by now possible to improve precision and speed. Advances in robot kinematics and robot dynamics are important for developing robust and save control system technology for more complex man-robot systems in Energy Supply is a crucial issue in developing exoskeleton and humanoid robotic applications for construction and building technology. Unlike to robotic applications in other industries, many tools and assistive devices need to be independent from connecting cables. However, battery packs necessary to supply energy for the actuators represent heavy load. Thus, on the one hand the battery systems need to be developed so that they support mobility and wear-ability of robotic systems but on the other hand robotic applications and systems have to be designed to be highly energy efficient.
