Cancelled

### **Author details**

Jaime Santos-Reyes1 \* and Tatiana Gouzeva2

1 Grupo de investigación SARACS, ESIME, ZAC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico

2 Grupo de investigación SARACS, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico

\*Address all correspondence to: jrsantosr@hotmail.com Cancelled

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**85**

*The Risk of Tsunamis in Mexico*

Paris (IOC/2008/TS/85rev)

2019;**19**:2781-2794

2019;**176**:5219-5233

de Chile; 1991

[2] Widiyanto W, Santoso PB, Hsiao SC, Imananta RT. Post-event field survey of 28 September Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences.

[3] Muhari A, Heidarzadeh M,

Tsunami as inferred from posttsunami field survey and spectral analysis. Pure and Applied Geophysics.

Susmoro H, Nugroho HD, Kriswati E, Supartoyo Wijanarto AB, et al. The December 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano

[4] BBC. Indonesia earthquake and the tsunami: How warning system failed the victims. 2018. Available at: https://www. bbc.com/news/world-asia-45663054 [Accessed: 24 December 2019]

[5] Valenzuela IB, Camus PM. Chile pre y post catástrofe: Algunas claves para aproximarse a los desafíos de reconstrucción. In: Brain V, Mora C, editors. Emergencia y reconstruccion: El antes y después del terremoto y tsunami del 27 F en Chile. Chile: Fundacion Mapfre y Pontificia Universidad Católica

[6] Fakhrul-Razi A, Ridwan-Wong MM, Mat-Said A. Consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Malaysia. Safety Science. 2020;**121**:619-631

[7] Imamura F, Penmellen-Boret S, Suppasri A, Muhari A. Recent

occurrences of serious tsunami damage and the future challenges of tsunami disaster risk reduction. Progress in Disaster Science. 2019;**1**:100009

**References**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91364*

[8] Moreno J, Lara A, Torres M. Community resilience in response to the 2010 tsunami in Chile: The survival of a small-scale fishing community. International Journal of Disaster Risk

Reduction. 2019;**33**:376-384

[9] Dunbar P, McCullough H, Mungov G, Varner J, Stroker K. Tohoku earthquake and tsunami data available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center, Geomatics. Natural Hazards and Risk. 2011;**2**(4):305-323. DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2011.632443

[10] Leon-Canales J, Vicuña del Río M, Gubler A. Increasing tsunami risk through intensive urban densification in metropolitan areas: A longitudinal analysis in Viña del Mar, Chile. International Journal of Disaster Risk

[11] Li Z, Yu H, Chen X, Zhang G, Ma D. Tsunami-induced traffic evacuation strategy optimization. Transportation Research Part D. 2019;**77**:535-559

Reduction. 2019;**41**:101312

[12] Robke BR, Vott A. The

tsunami phenomenon. Progress in Oceanography. 2017;**159**:296-322

[13] Goff J, Terry JP, Chagué-Goff C, Goto K. What is a mega-tsunami? Marine Geology. 2014;**358**:12-17

[14] Chaturvedi SK. A case study of tsunami detection system and ocean wave imaging mechanism using radar. Journal of Ocean Engineering and

[15] Ferraras SF, Sanchez AJ. The tsunami thereat on the Mexican west coast: A historical analysis and recommendations for hazard mitigation.

Natural Hazards. 1991;**4**:301-316

[16] Jaimes MA, Reinoso E, Ordaz M, Huerta B, Silva R, Mendoza E, et al.

Science. 2019;**4**:203-210

[1] UNESCO/IOC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission). 2013. Tsunami Glossary. Revised Edition 2013. IOC Technical series, 85. UNESCO,

*The Risk of Tsunamis in Mexico DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91364*

#### **References**

*Tsunami - Damage Assessment and Medical Triage*

**84**

**Author details**

Mexico

Jaime Santos-Reyes1

\* and Tatiana Gouzeva2

\*Address all correspondence to: jrsantosr@hotmail.com

provided the original work is properly cited.

1 Grupo de investigación SARACS, ESIME, ZAC., Instituto Politécnico Nacional,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

2 Grupo de investigación SARACS, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico

[1] UNESCO/IOC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization/Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission). 2013. Tsunami Glossary. Revised Edition 2013. IOC Technical series, 85. UNESCO, Paris (IOC/2008/TS/85rev)

[2] Widiyanto W, Santoso PB, Hsiao SC, Imananta RT. Post-event field survey of 28 September Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2019;**19**:2781-2794

[3] Muhari A, Heidarzadeh M, Susmoro H, Nugroho HD, Kriswati E, Supartoyo Wijanarto AB, et al. The December 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Tsunami as inferred from posttsunami field survey and spectral analysis. Pure and Applied Geophysics. 2019;**176**:5219-5233

[4] BBC. Indonesia earthquake and the tsunami: How warning system failed the victims. 2018. Available at: https://www. bbc.com/news/world-asia-45663054 [Accessed: 24 December 2019]

[5] Valenzuela IB, Camus PM. Chile pre y post catástrofe: Algunas claves para aproximarse a los desafíos de reconstrucción. In: Brain V, Mora C, editors. Emergencia y reconstruccion: El antes y después del terremoto y tsunami del 27 F en Chile. Chile: Fundacion Mapfre y Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; 1991

[6] Fakhrul-Razi A, Ridwan-Wong MM, Mat-Said A. Consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Malaysia. Safety Science. 2020;**121**:619-631

[7] Imamura F, Penmellen-Boret S, Suppasri A, Muhari A. Recent occurrences of serious tsunami damage and the future challenges of tsunami disaster risk reduction. Progress in Disaster Science. 2019;**1**:100009

[8] Moreno J, Lara A, Torres M. Community resilience in response to the 2010 tsunami in Chile: The survival of a small-scale fishing community. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019;**33**:376-384

[9] Dunbar P, McCullough H, Mungov G, Varner J, Stroker K. Tohoku earthquake and tsunami data available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Geophysical Data Center, Geomatics. Natural Hazards and Risk. 2011;**2**(4):305-323. DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2011.632443 Cancelled

> [10] Leon-Canales J, Vicuña del Río M, Gubler A. Increasing tsunami risk through intensive urban densification in metropolitan areas: A longitudinal analysis in Viña del Mar, Chile. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019;**41**:101312

[11] Li Z, Yu H, Chen X, Zhang G, Ma D. Tsunami-induced traffic evacuation strategy optimization. Transportation Research Part D. 2019;**77**:535-559

[12] Robke BR, Vott A. The tsunami phenomenon. Progress in Oceanography. 2017;**159**:296-322

[13] Goff J, Terry JP, Chagué-Goff C, Goto K. What is a mega-tsunami? Marine Geology. 2014;**358**:12-17

[14] Chaturvedi SK. A case study of tsunami detection system and ocean wave imaging mechanism using radar. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science. 2019;**4**:203-210

[15] Ferraras SF, Sanchez AJ. The tsunami thereat on the Mexican west coast: A historical analysis and recommendations for hazard mitigation. Natural Hazards. 1991;**4**:301-316 Cancelled

> [16] Jaimes MA, Reinoso E, Ordaz M, Huerta B, Silva R, Mendoza E, et al.

A new approach to probabilistic earthquake-induced tsunami risk assessment. Ocean and Coastal Management. 2016;**119**:68-75

[17] Trejo-Gómez E, Ortiz M, Nuñez-Cornú FJ. Source model of the Octobre 9, 1995 Jalisco-Colima Tsunami as constrained by field survey reports, and on the numerical simulation of the tsunami. Geofisica International. 2015;**54**(2):149-159

[18] Roy PD, Jonathan MP, Consuelo-Macias M, Sanchez JL, Lozano R, Srinivasalu S. Geological characteristics of 2011 Japan tsunami sediments deposited along the coast of southwestern Mexico. Chemie der Erde. 2012;**72**:91-95

[19] Ramirez-Herrera MT, Bogalo MF, Cerny J, Goguitchaichvili A, Corona N, Machain ML, et al. Historic and ancient tsunamis uncovered on the Jalisco-Colima Pacific coast, the Mexican subduction zone. Geomorphology. 2016;**259**:90-104

[20] United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ ISDR). Global Survey of Early Warning Systems. Geneva, Switzerland: UNISDR; 2006

[21] Bashir R. Global early warning systems for natural hazards: Systematic and people centred. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 2006;**364**:2167-2182

[22] Ferraras SF, Dominguez-Mora R, Gutierrez-Martinez CA. Tsunamis. Mexico: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Secretaria de Gobernación; 2014

[23] USSG. Ring of fire map. Available at: http://www.geologyin. com/2018/01/the-ring-of-fire. html#kMGfZ4P00Ue21LoI.99 [Accessed: 24 December 2019]

[24] NOAA. Estimated tsunami travel times to coastal locations-Acapulco Mexico. National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA). 2019. Available at: https://maps.ngdc. noaa.gov/viewers/ttt\_coastal\_locations/ [Accessed: 24 December 2019]

[25] Ortiz-Huerta LG, Ortiz-Figueroa M. Cómo me puedo preparar ante un Tsunami. In: Guía para el Maestro. Mexico: SEGOB, CENAPRED, CICESE; 2014 Cancelled

> [26] Santos-Reyes J. How useful are earthquake early warnings? The case of the 2017 earthquakes in Mexico City. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019;**40**(101148):1-11

[27] Santos-Reyes J, Padilla-Perez D, Beard AN. Transport infrastructure interdependency: Metro's failure propagation in the road transport system in Mexico City. Sustainability. 2019;**11**(4757):1-24. DOI: 10.3390/ su11174757

[28] Santos-Reyes J, Beard AN. An analysis of the 1996 channel tunnel fire. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F. 2017;**231**(8):850-876. DOI: 10.1177/0954409716647093

[29] Santos-Reyes J, Beard AN. Applying the SDMS model to the analysis of the Tabasco flood disaster in Mexico. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2011;**17**(3):646-677. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2011.571099

[30] PTWC. Pacific Tsunamy Warning Centre. 2019. Available at: https://ptwc. weather.gov/ [Accessed: 24 December 2019] Cancelled

*Tsunami - Damage Assessment and Medical Triage*

[24] NOAA. Estimated tsunami travel times to coastal locations-Acapulco Mexico. National Centers for

Environmental Information (NOAA). 2019. Available at: https://maps.ngdc. noaa.gov/viewers/ttt\_coastal\_locations/

[25] Ortiz-Huerta LG, Ortiz-Figueroa M. Cómo me puedo preparar ante un Tsunami. In: Guía para el Maestro. Mexico: SEGOB, CENAPRED, CICESE;

[26] Santos-Reyes J. How useful are earthquake early warnings? The case of the 2017 earthquakes in Mexico City. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019;**40**(101148):1-11

[27] Santos-Reyes J, Padilla-Perez D, Beard AN. Transport infrastructure interdependency: Metro's failure propagation in the road transport system in Mexico City. Sustainability. 2019;**11**(4757):1-24. DOI: 10.3390/

[28] Santos-Reyes J, Beard AN. An analysis of the 1996 channel tunnel fire. Proceedings of the Institution

Part F. 2017;**231**(8):850-876. DOI: 10.1177/0954409716647093

the SDMS model to the analysis of the Tabasco flood disaster in Mexico. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 2011;**17**(3):646-677. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2011.571099

[29] Santos-Reyes J, Beard AN. Applying

[30] PTWC. Pacific Tsunamy Warning Centre. 2019. Available at: https://ptwc. weather.gov/ [Accessed: 24 December

of Mechanical Engineers,

[Accessed: 24 December 2019]

2014

su11174757

2019]

A new approach to probabilistic earthquake-induced tsunami risk assessment. Ocean and Coastal Management. 2016;**119**:68-75

[17] Trejo-Gómez E, Ortiz M,

2015;**54**(2):149-159

2012;**72**:91-95

2016;**259**:90-104

UNISDR; 2006

2006;**364**:2167-2182

de Gobernación; 2014

[23] USSG. Ring of fire map. Available at: http://www.geologyin. com/2018/01/the-ring-of-fire. html#kMGfZ4P00Ue21LoI.99 [Accessed: 24 December 2019]

Nuñez-Cornú FJ. Source model of the Octobre 9, 1995 Jalisco-Colima Tsunami as constrained by field survey reports, and on the numerical simulation of the tsunami. Geofisica International.

[18] Roy PD, Jonathan MP, Consuelo-Macias M, Sanchez JL, Lozano R, Srinivasalu S. Geological characteristics of 2011 Japan tsunami sediments deposited along the coast of

southwestern Mexico. Chemie der Erde.

[19] Ramirez-Herrera MT, Bogalo MF, Cerny J, Goguitchaichvili A, Corona N, Machain ML, et al. Historic and ancient tsunamis uncovered on the Jalisco-Colima Pacific coast, the Mexican subduction zone. Geomorphology.

[20] United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ ISDR). Global Survey of Early Warning

Systems. Geneva, Switzerland:

[21] Bashir R. Global early warning systems for natural hazards: Systematic and people centred. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.

[22] Ferraras SF, Dominguez-Mora R, Gutierrez-Martinez CA. Tsunamis. Mexico: Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED), Secretaria

**86**

### *Edited by Mohammad Mokhtari*

This book is a collection of contributions from experts involved in tsunami study for the purpose of covering the different aspects from a tsunami at a local level, population health related to a tsunami disaster and early warning systems at a country level. The presented chapters, after being peer-reviewed, have been recommended to be accepted for publication. The content of the book consists of an introductory section that deals with the lessons learned from past tsunamis and today's practice; the monitoring of tsunami damage using the polarimetric microwave remote sensing technique, and considering the local tsunami on Pakistan's coast; the outbreak of devastating earthquakes; health consequences and medical provisions for the population and finally the risk of tsunamis in Mexico

Published in London, UK © 2021 IntechOpen © NejroN / iStock

Tsunami - Damage Assessment and Medical Triage

Tsunami

Damage Assessment and Medical Triage

*Edited by Mohammad Mokhtari*