Meet the editor

Dr. Anthony R. Lupo is an Atmospheric Sciences Professor in the School of Natural Resources at the University of Missouri. He earned his BSc degree from the State University of New York at Oswego in 1988, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Purdue University in 1991 and 1995. His research is in large-scale atmospheric dynamics, climate dynamics, and climate change, and he has more than 130 peer-reviewed publications. Addition-

ally, he edited the books; *Recent Hurricane Research: Climate, Dynamics, and Societal Impacts* (2011), and *Recent Developments in Tropical Cyclone Dynamics, Prediction, and Detection* (2016) with IntechOpen. He is a member of the American Meteorological Society, National Weather Association, Royal Meteorological Society (Fellow), American Geophysical Union, Sigma Xi, Gamma Sigma Delta, Phi Kappa Phi, and Missouri Academy of Science (Fellow). He was a Fulbright Scholar to Russia (summer 2004) at the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow. He has won Fulbright scholarships to Belgorod State National Research University in Russia for 2014–2015, and fall 2017.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

Summer 2006

*by Boris Yurchak*

Cyclone Research

**Section 3**

**Preface XI**

Climatological Behavior **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

Tropical Cyclone Dynamics **25**

**Chapter 2 27**

**Chapter 3 43**

**Chapter 4 65**

**Chapter 5 83**

Remote Sensing and Modeling **103**

**Chapter 6 105**

**Chapter 7 131**

NASA Global Satellite and Model Data Products and Services for Tropical

*by Zhong Liu, David Meyer, Chung-Lin Shie and Angela Li*

Climate Models Accumulated Cyclone Energy Analysis

The Interannual and Interdecadal Variability in Tropical Cyclone Activity: A Decade of Changes in the Climatological Character

Impacts of Tropical Cyclones in the Northern Atlantic on Adverse

A Recurrence Analysis of Multiple African Easterly Waves during

The Use of a Spiral Band Model to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity

*by Natalia Fedorova, Vladimir Levit and Lucas Carvalho Vieira Cavalcante*

Phenomena Formation in Northeastern Brazil

Response of the Coastal Ocean to Tropical Cyclones

*by Tiffany Reyes and Bo-Wen Shen*

*by Zhiyuan Wu and Mack Conde*

*by Sullyandro Oliveira Guimarães*

*by Anthony R. Lupo, Brendan Heaven, Jack Matzen and Jordan Rabinowitz*

## Contents


Preface

Since the start of the 21st century, changes in the current and future climate have been of greatest concern in the atmospheric and climate science communities. This includes changes in the frequency and strength of dangerous phenomena such as tropical cyclones. Although much research has been dedicated to this topic, there continues to be investigations into the dynamics of tropical cyclones including the dynamics that govern their movement. Remote sensing techniques and numerical models continue to be key tools in these investigations. In spite of all the advances in tropical storm research, these events continue to behave in ways that surprise us as

While there will always be those events that develop rapidly, some storms have developed and then, sometimes unexpectedly, stalled over areas for a few days due to the lack of strong forces to steer them. This has led to some cities or regions being exposed to days of record setting rains or being lashed by strong winds for 24 to 48 hours. Heavy rain and flooding continue to be the most economically damaging and disruptive features associated with land falling tropical cyclones. There is research suggesting that in a warmer world, tropical cyclones will produce more precipitation since warmer air will support larger amounts of water vapor.

Therefore it is important to compile and publish the latest research every so often on recent developments in the area of tropical cyclone studies. This book includes several contributions of importance. This work will highlight tropical cyclone activity across the globe over the last decade and put this activity in the context of the previous 30 years. For the first time, all the major ocean basins have four relatively complete decades of tropical cyclone frequencies and good estimates of intensity. This work will show that the activity of the most recent decade is mostly similar to the decade before. Globally, the number of tropical cyclones has increased over the last four decades, but these increases are not statistically significant. Additionally, the increases were uneven across each ocean basin, and some such as

In atmospheric science, there are several observational and model datasets that can be used in the study of tropical cyclones. The observational datasets are augmented by remotely sensed data. This work examines a couple of the most commonly used datasets and examines the precipitation and hydrology as well as the atmospheric dynamics. One study (Liu et al.) will demonstrate, using case studies, that different

results will be obtained using datasets that may assimilate information from different platforms. For example, some of these datasets can produce a wet bias in their results. This study describes three main datasets and gives details with respect to data access, documentation, and user services as well. Another study (Guimarães) evaluates models that are part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and using the quantity Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) with respect to recent climate and what the results mean to the future. This study compared model performance to the current observations, and then examined the future. There was no obvious trend for future scenarios of ACE, and no clear majority of increases or decreases of this quantity by different modeling groups.

the last few years have demonstrated.

the south Pacific have shown decreases.
