**1. Introduction**

Tourism plays a vital role in Malaysia's economy. Many plans and programmes have been implemented in Malaysia over the years to develop tourism and recreational activities in places like Langkawi, Perhentian and Redang Island [1]. Owing to limited capacity and regulations to explore seaport tourism, it has been suggested

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2020

*Tourism*

**References**

[1] Gössling S, Scott D, Hall CM. Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020. DOI: 10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708

of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research. 2017;**10**(2):1-8

[8] Chen C-F, Chiou-wei SZ. Tourism expansion, tourism uncertainty and economic growth: New evidence from Taiwan and Korea. Tourism Management. 2009;**30**(6):812-818

[9] Dash AK, Tiwari AK, Singh PK. Tourism and economic growth in India: An empirical analysis. Indian Journal of Economics, No. 392. 2018;**XCIX** 

[10] Karantzavelou V. GeoSure Teams Up with Deem, Inc. to Bring Travel Safety and COVID-19 Awareness Tools to Business Travel. 2020. Available from: https://www.traveldailynews. com/profile/u/vicky.karantzavelou [Accessed: 14 September 2020]

[11] Travel.State.Gov. U.S. Department of State-Bureau of Consular Affairs. 2020. Available from: https://travel.state.gov/ content/travel/en/traveladvisories/ea/ covid-19-information.html [Accessed:

[12] Tabuchi H. 'Worse than Anyone Expected': Air Travel Emissions Vastly Outpace Predictions. New York: The

[13] McCloskey B, Heymann DL. SARS to novel coronavirus - old lessons and new lessons. Epidemiol Infect.

S0950268820000254. Published: 5 Feb

[14] Hall CM, G€ossling S. Sustainable Culinary Systems. Local Foods,

Innovation, and Tourism & Hospitality.

**(Part-I)**:29-49

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New York Times; 2019

2020;**148**:e22. DOI: 10.1017/

London: Routledge; 2013

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[2] Ali F, Cobanoglu C. International Travellers Can Shrink from 1.4 Billion to under 1 Billion Due to Covid-19. 2020. Available from: https://theprint. in/world/international-travellers-canshrinkfrom-1-4-billion-to-under-1 billiondue-to-covid-19/408161/?fbc lid=IwAR0b0CSmGb2KLRd4 gBLLCLbsYl2JlZ1lQNYGnWK

KeVwQkQNTlC9beamKLpc. Retrieved from The Print: www.theprint.in

[3] Prideaux B, Laws E, Faulkner B. Events in Indonesia: Exploring the limits to formal tourism trends forecasting methods in a complex crisis. Tourism Management. 2003;**24**(4):475-487. DOI:

10.1016/S0261-5177(02)00115-2

[4] Barro RJ, Ursúa JF, Weng J. The Coronavirus and the Great Influenza Pandemic: Lessons from the "Spanish Flu" for the Coronavirus's Potential Effects on Mortality and Economic Activity (No. w26866). New York: National Bureau of Economic Research;

[5] Coibion O, Gorodnichenko Y, Weber M. The cost of the covid-19 crisis: Lockdowns, macroeconomic expectations, and consumer spending (No. w27141). National Bureau of economic research. Complex Systems:

INDECS. 2020;**11**(1):1-13

[6] Ongan S, Demiroz DM. The

c̆asopis. 2005;**53**(9):880-894

contribution of tourism to the long-run Turkish economic growth. Ekonomický

[7] Selimi N, Sadiku M, Sadiku L. The impact of tourism on economic growth in the Western Balkan countries: An empirical analysis. International Journal that seaport tourism makes full use of facilities in seaport, especially from the perspective of 'Portscape'. 'Portscape' is defined as the collective visual imprints of the build environment and nature sceneries at seaports, which can be used as a marketing/promotion tool to boost regional economic development through this specific form of tourism activity [1].

The significance of seaport tourism would be improving the quality and performance of both industries: seaport and tourism. The SQS model and certified quality management systems can be used to strengthen seaport tourism for economic prosperity. The total contribution of the tourism industry to Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2007 to 2019 did not exceed 2% [1]. This calls for a thorough investigation to improve the contribution of this core service sector to the nation's GDP.

The status of seaport is now heading towards the sixth generation (6GP). Its evolution is prompted by advancements in information technology (IT) and innovation in the transportation industry. The ballooning of shipping capacities to 50,000 TEU megaships in the future, for instance, will probably cause a shift of cargoes between seaports to those able to handle huge vessels and significantly larger cargo traffic on the land side [2]. From the Malaysian seaport industry perspective, embracing 6GP can be initiated by using the seaport infrastructure for seaport tourism. Hence, the primary aim of this chapter is to propose ways to improve the performance of seaports in Malaysia in terms of efficiency from different perspectives.

A good practice to observe in order to develop seaport activities is to add value from time to time. In terms of quality services and the creation of a systematic and efficient organisation, for example, one good way is to nurture a strong relationship between seaport owners and its users. Good quality services and overall performance will most likely be good for the customer satisfaction index, too. In comparison with offerings from the fourth and fifth generations, the 6GP will lead to less congestion and pollution at seaports. This will lead to a healthier environment around seaports and port cities overall. In fact, it might even improve productivity [3, 4].

Existing literature notes that the quality of seaport is distinguished by three categories: seaport effectiveness, seaport reliability and seaport governance [5].

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**Table 1.**

*Applying and Promoting the Seaport Quality System (SQS) and Spatial Interaction Model (SIM)…*

**9001:2015 Clause Number**

1 Scope 1 Scope This standard specifies requirements,

Condition

of the organisation

None 5 Leadership Top management of all departments

None 6 Planning When planning for quality-risk

None 7 Support Internal and external communications

None 8 Operations Related to the ongoing management

evaluation & improvement

3 Principles None For quality-risk management to be

3 Terms and

**Risk + quality NewModule (seaport quality system—SQS)**

principles and generic guidelines for a quality management system and risk management.

For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 31000:2009 apply.

effective, an organisation should at all levels comply with the principles of ISO 31000:2009.

Using a framework to assist the organisation to integrate quality-risk management into its overall management system.

in an organisation shall demonstrate leadership, commitment and be responsible for every decision making. Brainstorming is the best way to decide what is best for the organisation.

management, the organisation shall use the issues referred to in Chapter 4.

and also reporting mechanisms are needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of quality-risk management based on Chapter 7 of the ISO 9001.

process based on framework and context of the organisation as stipulated in Chapter 4 of the ISO 31000 and ISO 9001 and daily activities of the organisation.

Consists of ongoing evaluations to ensure controls are functioning as designed and taking corrective actions to enhance control activities, if needed. Risk assessment relates to the organisations' process of evaluating the impact and likelihood of events and prioritising related risks based on Chapter 5 (ISO 31000) and combination of Chapter 9 and 10 (ISO 9001).

**Chapter Existing ISO** 

The identification of this quality has been determined using the SLR approach. By using the Average of Percentage Majority Opinion (APMO) result, 27% of 110 relevant journals sourced focused on seaport quality for reference (**Figure 1**).

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93765*

**ISO 31000:2009 Clause Number**

Definition

4 Framework 4 Context

5 Process 9 & 10 Performance

*Integration of the SQS model and certified risk management.*

**Chapter Proposed** 

2 Terms and

**Figure 1.** *Overview of SQS model by SLR approach [6].*


*Applying and Promoting the Seaport Quality System (SQS) and Spatial Interaction Model (SIM)… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93765*

#### **Table 1.**

*Tourism*

nation's GDP.

productivity [3, 4].

specific form of tourism activity [1].

that seaport tourism makes full use of facilities in seaport, especially from the perspective of 'Portscape'. 'Portscape' is defined as the collective visual imprints of the build environment and nature sceneries at seaports, which can be used as a marketing/promotion tool to boost regional economic development through this

The significance of seaport tourism would be improving the quality and performance of both industries: seaport and tourism. The SQS model and certified quality management systems can be used to strengthen seaport tourism for economic prosperity. The total contribution of the tourism industry to Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2007 to 2019 did not exceed 2% [1]. This calls for a thorough investigation to improve the contribution of this core service sector to the

The status of seaport is now heading towards the sixth generation (6GP). Its evolution is prompted by advancements in information technology (IT) and innovation in the transportation industry. The ballooning of shipping capacities to 50,000 TEU megaships in the future, for instance, will probably cause a shift of cargoes between seaports to those able to handle huge vessels and significantly larger cargo traffic on the land side [2]. From the Malaysian seaport industry perspective, embracing 6GP can be initiated by using the seaport infrastructure for seaport tourism. Hence, the primary aim of this chapter is to propose ways to improve the performance of

A good practice to observe in order to develop seaport activities is to add value from time to time. In terms of quality services and the creation of a systematic and efficient organisation, for example, one good way is to nurture a strong relationship between seaport owners and its users. Good quality services and overall performance will most likely be good for the customer satisfaction index, too. In comparison with offerings from the fourth and fifth generations, the 6GP will lead to less congestion and pollution at seaports. This will lead to a healthier environment around seaports and port cities overall. In fact, it might even improve

Existing literature notes that the quality of seaport is distinguished by three categories: seaport effectiveness, seaport reliability and seaport governance [5].

seaports in Malaysia in terms of efficiency from different perspectives.

**76**

**Figure 1.**

*Overview of SQS model by SLR approach [6].*

*Integration of the SQS model and certified risk management.*

The identification of this quality has been determined using the SLR approach. By using the Average of Percentage Majority Opinion (APMO) result, 27% of 110 relevant journals sourced focused on seaport quality for reference (**Figure 1**).

However, from these 27%, limited references on seaport quality constitute the major limitation of this chapter. This chapter will focus on the contributing factors, as indicators to develop Malaysian seaport competitiveness and also to analyse the impact of seaport quality on Malaysian seaports. The aims are to make local seaports as efficient and effective as possible to aid the nation's economic growth. This concept of seaport quality can be merged with seaport tourism to promote and innovate competitiveness in the industry. Exploring standardised seaport tourism policies will strengthen networking among seaport cluster in the maritime industry. This can be done by collaborating and cooperating to achieve the goals of promoting seaport tourism. Networking will also serve as an efficient and effective solution for the good of the nation's economy. This fact is supported by the Malaysian Trade Statistics' volume trade published in 2017. The volume trade witnessed a growth of 1.5% in this region, from 1.463tn in 2015 to 1.485tn in 2016 [5].

## **1.1 Integration SQS model and risk quality management systems**

**Table 1** shows the integration of the SQS model and certified risk management system. The integration of both elements—SQS model and risk management system—will reveal and create a new module for seaport tourism by extending the existing standard that can be used in the recreational seaport management of tourism. The ISO 31000 focuses on minimising deviations from objectives, while ISO 9001 focuses on maximising achieving customer requirement specifications [7, 8].
