**3. Methodology**

*Tourism*

Alternative tourism: A form of tourism that put natural, social, and societal values first and allow local communities as well as tourists to enjoy positive and

Behavioral economics: It studies the impact of psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional factors on individual and institutions' economic decisions and its

Political economics: A study on production and trade and its relationship with law, customs, and government as well as income distribution and national wealth. Circular economics: It utilizes society as a whole through a design of separating consumption from economy based on three principles: design waste and pollution,

Sustainable society: is a society that is capable of fulfilling their needs without reducing future generation opportunities. There are three measurement used in sustainable society, namely: Environmental prosperity: nature and environment (for example, air quality), climate and energy (for example, reduce in greenhouse gas), and natural resources (for example, biodiversity); Human prosperity: Basic needs (for example, clean water), personal and social development (for example, gender equality), and health (for example, clean water); Economic prosperity: Transition (for example, organic agriculture) and economy (for example, jobs). Based on the indicators, components should be focused on in tourism development include: population and health: healthy society could offer various healthy foods for guests; accessible tourism: tourism development for disable people; community tourism: a community concept could be applied in tourism. In the community tourism, local communities are responsible for developing initiatives and managing tourism activity schedules. A community-based tourism connects balanced tourism development goals with ecological considerations into the existing business model. Sustainable development concept in community tourism applies to improve people's life quality by protecting the environment and the built environment, to provide high quality experiences for tourists, and optimize local economic

Sustainable culture: cultural tourism is increasingly being developed as a way to protect ancestral heritage. Natural and cultural heritage should be considered as a base for sustainable tourism. The natural heritage comprises vegetation, flora and fauna, geological and hydrological phenomenon or natural events, such as climate, astrology incidents, and volcano. Likewise, cultural heritage includes living cultures (such as festivals, rituals, education, religion, costume, legend, behavior, habits, music, dance, and culinary), immobile historic monuments (such as parks, gardens, buildings, facilities, and archeological sites), and mobile historic monuments (such as paintings, statues, art works, handicrafts, agricultural tools, industrial machines, and documents/objects). Efforts to protect tourism-related culture could be divided

Rural tourism: It emphasizes on healthy activities and proper life with the joy of clean air, fresh water, landscape, culture, and tradition. Therefore, rural tourism has similarity to ecotourism, but its main attraction lies on traditionally managed

Cultural tourism: One of tourisms that utilizes culture as its object. The implementation of cultural-based tourism in Indonesia is indicated by several provinces, namely: Bali and DI (Special Region) of Yogyakarta, especially Yogyakarta City

Spiritual tourism: Spiritual tour is one of emerging cultural tourism heritages since more people are trying to develop their own spirituality. In 2007, the UNWTO rates the spiritual tourism as a segment that has a rapid development, although it is not easily framed. The tourism is based on various motivations, traditional religious

beneficial interaction and the experience together.

consequences on market prices, profit, and resource allocation.

save products and materials used, and natural system regeneration.

**52**

since 2008.

benefits.

into four tourism categories.

landscapes and cultures.

A qualitative approach was used in this study [34]. The 10 largest of each tourism actor as an informant based on recommendations from local governments which consist of travel agencies, accommodation (hotels), restaurants, academics, and tourist villages. Before the interview began to 50 leaders of tourism actors were preceded by a delivery activity through post and email. The letter's content is to ask for his willingness to respond to questions about; how to apply the application of Harmony culture within the company [36]; what are the factors used as an indicator of sustainable tourism [35, 36] and how to have health protocol [37]. Of the 50 informants, only 35 (70%) Who are willing to be interviewed and the other fifteenth (30%) cannot be contacted. Data collection time starts from January to April 2020 with an average interview length of 45 minutes. The Data is collected compared to cultural theories, sustainable tourism, and the Health Protocol [38] and coding using Miles and Huberman [39]. Qualitative results are used to design the model of Bali's future tourism development strategy.
