**6. Implications and conclusion**

Recreational seaport capacity utilisation is one of the indicators that must be considered seriously in managing recreational seaport. This is because underutilisation of existing capacities will affect internal operations and, at the same time, obstructs the external network, such as logistics. The integrated approach of quality risk management is facilitated by the fact that ISO 31000 and TQM standards have elements and common principles. The Integrated Risk Management and TQM that is collectively called the Seaport Quality System (SQS) is a sustainability stimulus for recreational seaport. The implementation of the Integrated Risk Management and TQM module on recreational seaport can help bring about quality products

*Tourism*

seaport tourism.

*Spatial interaction model in Malaysian seaport tourism [1].*

**Figure 4.**

marinas in these regions.

of the location (complementary), travelling cost (transferability) and accessibility (intervening) can be utilised for the development of this new agenda in Malaysian

In Malaysia, cruise tourism is one of the National Key Economic Area (NKEA) with the aim to increase the number of tourists to Malaysia. Currently, Penang, Langkawi, Port Klang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak are where some of the seaports can be found. They operate dedicated cruise terminals in their respective areas, but these terminals and transport facilities need to be improved to ensure they operate effectively. For example, providing additional facilities for immigration clearance and allocating separate passenger gate and guided by highly trained workforce will enhance the safety procedures at seaports. These will increase the potential of these venues to be the hub for tourism activities. For example, cruise terminals at Klang and Penang in Malaysian are supported by adequate terminal facilities. However, cruise terminals at Kuantan, Bintulu and Kota Kinabalu are not fulfilled by complete terminal facilities. In addition, in terms of transport facilities, all cruise terminals need to be provided prior notice before berthing and no berthing facility provided in Bintulu cruise terminal. These conditions limit the marketability of Malaysian tourism industry in selective area. In that case, it will affect the growth of

Northern, Central, Southern and East coast freight corridors are main intraregion economic corridors in Malaysia. All these corridors are connected to main seaports and inland facilities. All these corridors are well connected to all regions in Peninsular Malaysia, and in total, about USD 767 million have been invested to boost tourism and other related activities, such as agriculture, logistics, capital development and others. The development of rail linkage and introduction of second bridge in Penang Island have great possibility to enhance the seaport tourism especially in Kuala Kedah and Penang Port. Currently, inefficient rail network for passenger transportation and critical congestion at Penang bridge in northern

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and/or services. The SQS model is required to interrelate all stakeholders in the recreational seaport (internally & externally) sector. The SQS model places emphasis on customer (internal & external) orientations and involves all recreational seaport units. It requires the active involvement and empowerment of staff and is based on a long-term commitment to the continuous improvement of the management paradigm.

If the Malaysian government merely continues to increase capital expenditure to improve recreational seaport annually, the end result will be dismal. It will have limited positive impact on the recreational seaport attractiveness. Rather than allocating large amount of money solely for capacity expansion in recreational seaport, the same amount should be used to enhance the quality of management and embed the quality culture in the recreational seaport management and operations. Thus, for recreational seaport to be sustainable and be competitive in the face of risks, there is a need to manage these risks. Knowing how to identify risks, facet a value and a priority scale, design actions and device to minimise risks, and constantly monitoring them are essential to ensure recreational seaport survives and gives sustainable value. From a researcher viewpoint, it is interesting to use the SQS model in recreational seaport. It may provide the best strategic approach for recreational seaport at present and in the future to carve out a competitive edge.

This chapter recognises the importance of introducing the SQS model in any recreational seaport. Further, this research, which has reviewed existing research on seaport quality, has contributed to improving the understanding of what seaport quality is. The main finding of the definition of seaport quality, and from my viewpoint, is that it is a very broad subjective matter to define. However, from the findings of existing literature, its definition would be categorised into three categories: seaport effectiveness, seaport reliability and seaport governance. In addition, this chapter helps recreational seaport managers and users understand clearly about recreational seaport quality. In short, this chapter serves as a guideline for the recreational seaport community to improve the quality of all relevant elements to improve the performance of recreational seaport.

The attractiveness of recreational seaport is no longer based on strategic location but on the provision of efficient, prompt and quality services, excellent logistics and also land transport infrastructure and sea transport network. Recreational seaport has become commercial services and gateways. In fact, recreational seaports play a vital role in the domestic and international markets, if they can manage the services effectively and efficiently and be able to prevent unwanted consequences. Thus, constant evaluations need to be done by recreational seaport operators on its operations or processes, especially those related to providing marketing and selling of services to the end-users. It can be said that by improving the quality of the recreational seaport system and activities from any angle could improve the performance and competitiveness of this sector. Thus, to be sustainable and remain competitive in the face of risks, by adopting the SQS model can significantly reduce those risks and provide very good quality services and sustainable development of the recreational seaport industry.

#### **Acknowledgements**

The authors are thankful for the helpful comments of anonymous reviewers at Intech Open Book and the valuable suggestions given by anonymous referees. The authors would also like to thank the team doing this paper for their help, contributions and assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.

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**Author details**

Malaysia

and Noor Azwa Noralam

Mohamad Rosni Othman, Jagan Jeevan\*, Nurul Haqimin Salleh

\*Address all correspondence to: jagan@umt.edu.my

provided the original work is properly cited.

Faculty of Maritime Studies, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu,

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

*Applying and Promoting the Seaport Quality System (SQS) and Spatial Interaction Model (SIM)…*

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93765*

**Conflict of interest**

of this paper.

*Applying and Promoting the Seaport Quality System (SQS) and Spatial Interaction Model (SIM)… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93765*
