**5. The possibility of transferring bacteria from the oral microbiome of dogs to human**

Except for to the impact on animal health, bacteria from the oral cavity of animals may also have harmful effects on human health in the case of microbial

**253**

**6. Conclusion**

are needed.

1/0081/17.

**Acknowledgements**

*Dental Biofilm as Etiological Agent of Canine Periodontal Disease*

bites by dogs, were isolated from wounds in humans [83].

As transmission of oral bacteria during normal contacts between dogs and humans is also feasible one might expect correlations between the oral microbiota of dogs and humans [17]. Oral-to-oral transfer of *Neisseria shayeganii*,

*Porphyromonas canigingivalis*, *Tannerella forsythia* and *Streptococcus* minor from dogs to humans is suspected. The finding of potentially zoonotic and periodontopathic bacteria in the canine oral microbiome may be a public health concern [15].

Review of literature showed that some bacterial species like *Tannerella forsythia*, *Campylobacter rectus*, *Treponema denticola*, *Fusobacterium nucleatum*, *Parvimonas micra* and *Prevotella intermedia* are the important pathogens for periodontitis in both humans and dogs. On the other hand, *Porphyromonas gulae* is specifically associated with canine periodontal disease. In addition, it is assumed, that oral protozoa such as *Entamoeba gingivalis* and *Trichomonas tenax* play role in canine periodontal disease. In summary, periodontal disease is polymicrobial disease and further analyses of the associated species of periodontitis and their virulence factors in dogs

This publication was supported by the project of the Ministry of education science Research and sport of the Slovak Republic VEGA 1/0788/19 and VEGA

transmissibility, for example, through dog bites. Dog bite wounds are polymicrobial, with a broad combination of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The microbiology of infected bite wounds from dogs is similar to that of the organisms that colonize the dog's oral cavity. Less frequently, isolates may also come from the environment and patients' skin [82]. On average, a dog bite wound contains two to five different species of bacteria [83]. *Pasteurella* species are the most frequent isolates of dog bites (50%), especially *Pasteurella canis* is the most common isolate of dog bites [84]. Other common aerobic organisms include *P. multocida*, *P. dagmatis*, *Staphylococcus* spp. (including MRSA), *Streptococcus* spp. (including *S. pyogenes*), *Neisseria* spp., *Capnocytophaga canimorsus*, *Corynebacterium* spp., *Moraxella* spp., *Enterococcus* spp. and *Bacillus* spp. [82, 83]. The most common anaerobic organism isolated from infected dog bite wounds is *Fusobacterium nucleatum* [82]. *Fusobacterium canifelinum* was also isolated from wounds in humans after dog bites [85]. Other common anaerobes include *Prevotella* spp., *Bacteroides* spp., *Porphyromonas* spp., *Propionibacterium* spp. and *Peptostreptococcus* spp. [82, 83]. Several *Porphyromonas* species (*P. macacae*, *P. canoris*, *P. circumdentaria*, *P. cangingivalis*, and *P. cansulci*) [84] and other periodontal pathogens (*Tannerella forsythia*, *Prevotella intermedia* and *Prevotella dentalis*) were also isolated from infected dog bite wounds [82]. In addition, some pathogens such as *Leptospira*, *Rabies virus*, *Clostridium tetani* or *Francisella tularensis*, which can cause systemic infection after

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88305*

### *Dental Biofilm as Etiological Agent of Canine Periodontal Disease DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.88305*

transmissibility, for example, through dog bites. Dog bite wounds are polymicrobial, with a broad combination of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The microbiology of infected bite wounds from dogs is similar to that of the organisms that colonize the dog's oral cavity. Less frequently, isolates may also come from the environment and patients' skin [82]. On average, a dog bite wound contains two to five different species of bacteria [83]. *Pasteurella* species are the most frequent isolates of dog bites (50%), especially *Pasteurella canis* is the most common isolate of dog bites [84]. Other common aerobic organisms include *P. multocida*, *P. dagmatis*, *Staphylococcus* spp. (including MRSA), *Streptococcus* spp. (including *S. pyogenes*), *Neisseria* spp., *Capnocytophaga canimorsus*, *Corynebacterium* spp., *Moraxella* spp., *Enterococcus* spp. and *Bacillus* spp. [82, 83]. The most common anaerobic organism isolated from infected dog bite wounds is *Fusobacterium nucleatum* [82]. *Fusobacterium canifelinum* was also isolated from wounds in humans after dog bites [85]. Other common anaerobes include *Prevotella* spp., *Bacteroides* spp., *Porphyromonas* spp., *Propionibacterium* spp. and *Peptostreptococcus* spp. [82, 83]. Several *Porphyromonas* species (*P. macacae*, *P. canoris*, *P. circumdentaria*, *P. cangingivalis*, and *P. cansulci*) [84] and other periodontal pathogens (*Tannerella forsythia*, *Prevotella intermedia* and *Prevotella dentalis*) were also isolated from infected dog bite wounds [82]. In addition, some pathogens such as *Leptospira*, *Rabies virus*, *Clostridium tetani* or *Francisella tularensis*, which can cause systemic infection after bites by dogs, were isolated from wounds in humans [83].

As transmission of oral bacteria during normal contacts between dogs and humans is also feasible one might expect correlations between the oral microbiota of dogs and humans [17]. Oral-to-oral transfer of *Neisseria shayeganii*, *Porphyromonas canigingivalis*, *Tannerella forsythia* and *Streptococcus* minor from dogs to humans is suspected. The finding of potentially zoonotic and periodontopathic bacteria in the canine oral microbiome may be a public health concern [15].
