**Author details**

*Coffee - Production and Research*

**8. Concluding discussion**

*Coffee commercialization (illustrated by authors).*

**Figure 2.**

Various grounds of literature review provide agricultural commercialization in different aspect, not least commercialization is shifting from subsistence mode of production toward more market-based cultivation of cash crops, more specialized production, and targeting both domestic and international markets. There shows of the nexus of commercialization and agriculture which aims at sales, profit maximization, and meet the needs of customers [8]. To satisfy those conditions, the agriculture needs to be market surplus, productive resources, and value chain added [41]. Agricultural commercialization has to rethink and reconstruct how to meet the need of both food security [5, 13, 36]and gender role in agricultural commercialization [13, 26, 40]. A challenge is to create most favorable conditions for

Agricultural commercialization of coffee production highlight factors that plays

In this context, coffee commercialization process takes form of plantation, nurturing, harvesting, and marketing. Plantation needs detail support of techniques on how to apply to different contexts of coffee plantation including soil, seed, and fertilizer. Nurturing requires special treatment in order to get fruitful harvest. Harvesting is marking as one of the process to indicate of the success of the farm. If the yield is fruitful, this marks as a sign of production surplus for home consumption to secure food supply and ready for-profit maximization. Finally, marketing is crucial indicator of the commercialization, of how the product is selling and how

decisive role in the commercialization processes. Productive resources include land acquisition, capital formation, and labor input constitutes the fundamental elements of the process. Land acquisition including ownership, usage, and benefit form the background of the commercialization. Without these resources, the process might not be fulfilled. Thanks for the farmers who could take forms of land uses such as *Chapchong*, inheritance, and purchase the right to use [42]. Capital and labor also contributes significant impact and direction on commercialization in

agricultural commercialization to meet the need of food security.

which they could facilitate and secure the process.

**106**

they can maximize profit.

Saithong Phommavong1 \*, Maliphone Douangphachanh1,2 and Khanhpaseuth Svengsucksa<sup>3</sup>

1 Faculty of Social Sciences, National University of Laos, Vientiane, Lao PDR

2 Gender Studies Department, Faculty of Art and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3 International Development Program, National University of Laos, Lao PDR

\*Address all correspondence to: sai7512@yahoo.com

© 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
