*4.5.1 Integrated pest management (IPM)*

IPM (**Figure 7**) is highly efficient and eco-friendly strategy which includes integrated use of all possible alternates that can be biological, physical, cultural or chemical for controlling pests. Growers who are aware of the potential for pest infestation follow a four-tiered approach. The four steps include: set action thresholds, monitor and identify pests, prevention and control [11, 13].

**Figure 7.** *Components of IPM.*

