**8. Others**

There are various other agents being tried infrequently in the management of warts.

Historic folk remedies have included many variants.

Duct tape occlusion therapy involves placing a piece of duct tape over the wart. The mechanism of action of this technique still remains unknown [194].

Components of garlic (*Allium sativum*) have been shown to have antiviral activity and to inhibit cellular proliferation of virally infected cells, resulting clearance of wart with less recurrence [195].

Application of paste made of baking powder and castor oil is age old technique for warts.

Herbal preparations such as Echinacea and propolis are reported to boost the immunity when administered orally [196], act as immunomodulators and improve warts.

Sinecatechins are derived from green tea extract (*Camellia sinensis*) and are marketed as a 10% ointment, containing around eight catechins. A clearance rate of 46–52% has been noticed in various studies [197].

Glycyrrhizic acid, obtained from the root of *Glycyrrhiza glabra*, has antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerative properties. When used with an

immunostimulant [198], it was shown to have a slightly better efficacy than podophyllin (87%). The glycyrrhizic acid is a safe and effective treatment for the management of anogenital warts during pregnancy [199].

Intralesional injection of 0.2 ml of 15 mg/kg vitamin D3 led to complete resolution [200] in 19 (82.60%) out of 23 patients with palmoplantar warts and 14 (77.77%) of 18 patients with verruca vulgaris.
